Urbs passūra obsidiōnem, prīmum prōvocātur per tūbicinem et invītātur ad dēditiōnem. Quod sī abnuat facere, oppugnātur ab obsidentibus et occupātur.
Vel mūrōs per scālās trānscendendō, aut diruendō arietibus, aut dēmoliendō tormentīs, vel dirumpendō portās exōstrā, vel ēiaculandō globōs tormentāriōs ē mortāriīs ballistīs in urbem per ballistāriōs, quī latitant post gerrās, vel subvertendō cūniculīs per fossōrēs.
Obsessī dēfendunt sē dē mūrīs ignibus, lapidibus, etc., aut ērumpunt. Urbs vī expugnāta diripitur, exciditur, interdum aequātur solō.
Comenius includes a number of verbal features which we will briefly review:
[i] passive voice
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: level
invītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: invite, urge
occupō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: seize, take
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: assault, attack
prōvocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: summon, challenge
excidō, excidere, excidī, excīsus [3]: destroy
diripiō, diripere, diripuī, direptus [3-iō]: plunder
Urbs … │ a city …
… prōvocātur │ … is summoned
… invītātur ad dēditiōnem │ … is invited / persuaded to yield
… oppugnātur │ … is attacked
… occupātur │ … is occupied / taken
… diripitur │ … is plundered
… exciditur │ … is destroyed
… aequātur solō │ … is laid even with the ground [ = levelled; razed to the ground]
[ii] participles acting as nouns and adjectives:
obsideō, -ēre, obsēdī, obsessus [2]: besiege
(a) present active participle
> obsidēns, -ntis: (who is) besieging
oppugnātur ab obsidentibus │ it is assaulted by the besiegers [ = those who are besieging]
(b) perfect passive participle
> obsessus, -a, -um: having been besieged
Obsessī dēfendunt sē dē mūrīs │ Those that are besieged defend themselves
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: storm, take by assault
> expugnātus, -a, -um: having been stormed
Urbs vī expugnāta │ a city (that has been) taken by force
(c) future active participle
Patior, patī, passus sum [3-iō dep.]: suffer; endure
> passūrus, -a, -um: about to / going to endure
Urbs passūra obsidiōnem │ a city about to endure a siege
https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/passive%20voice
https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/present%20active%20participle
https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/future%20active%20participle
