Work in progress (10.10.26)
Septimus I [1]
[Septimus got up from his comfortable seat and went across
to investigate. He pushed the door wide open, and what he saw before him then
made him cry out aloud in astonishment.]
Septimus sīc immōtus stābat. deinde iterum "edepol!"
inquit, et per iānuam statim prōcēdit. nam melius vidēre cupit quod ex adversō
habet. via erat longa et rēcta; longē ante puerum patēbat et cupressōs multās
et altās utrimque habēbat. ultrā cupressōs agrī erant aequī, et collēs exiguī
haud procul campum claudēbant.
Septimus locum diū spectāvit, dōnec radiī sōlis oculōs
praestringēbant. rēs autem mīra erat, et puer prīmō timēbat, quod sōlem tam
splendidum numquam vīderat. itaque ad iānuam retrō sē vertit; nam rūrsus
intrāre volēbat. sed ecce! nūlla iam iānua erat; nihil vidēbat nisi viam longam
et rēctam, cupressōs, agrōs, collēs. Septimus tamen, quī nōn puer timidus erat,
per viam ambulāre et locum temptāre cōnstituit. prōcēdit igitur et diū per viam
ambulat; et quamquam prīmō sōl calidus puerum torrēbat, pergere nōn dēsinit, et
omnia oculīs dīligenter explōrat.
ex adversō: in front of him
dōnec … praestringēbant: until … began to dazzle …
rēs … mīra erat: the whole business was strange
nisi: after a negative word (nihil), translate ‘except’
pergere nōn dēsinit: does not cease to advance, i.e. goes on
and on
[1] In which order are the following first referred to?
fields _____
the road _____
a hot sun _____
plain _____
the door _____
rays of the sun _____
cypress trees _____
a brilliant sun _____
hills _____
[2]
[i] How does the first
sentence convey his astonishment?
[ii] How and why does he go through the door? (2)
[iii] Where are the cypress trees?
[iv] Where are the fields?
[v] Identify and translate the adjectives used to describe the
physical size of:
[a] the cypress trees
[b] the fields
[c] the hills
[3]
[i] How was Septimus affected by the sun’s rays?
[ii] Why was he afraid at first?
[iii] Why could he not go back through the door?
[iv]
[a] What did he decide to do? (2)
[b] How do we know he was determined to do this? (2)
[v] How do we know that Septimus is an inquisitive boy? (2)
Note: Classical Latin narrative can shift between past and
present tenses even though what is being recounted is entirely in the past.
English can do the same:
“I was sitting in the restaurant. I had ordered
a starter and was quietly reading the newspaper when suddenly
this man walks in, goes straight to the waitress and starts
shouting at her.”
The speaker begins by using past tenses – and he could have
continued in the past – but he shifts from past to present to give a greater
sense of immediacy, i.e. presenting the event as if it is happening now.
The Septimus text does the same:
Septimus … immōtus stābat … per iānuam statim prōcēdit |
Septimus was standing motionless … he immediately proceeds
through the door
et quamquam prīmō sōl calidus puerum torrēbat, pergere nōn
dēsinit, et omnia oculīs dīligenter explōrat | although the sun was
scorching the boy, he does not stop going on, and explores
everything with his eyes
The translations of the text will retain the tenses used.
However, it is perfectly acceptable to translate historic presents as past
tenses.
____________________
[1]
fields [4]
the road [2]
a hot sun [9]
plain [6]
the door [1]
rays of the sun [7]
cypress trees [3]
a brilliant sun [8]
hills [5]
[2]
[i] was standing motionless
[ii] immediately; to get a better
view in front of him [wants to see better] (2)
[iii] on both sides of the road
[iv] beyond the cypress trees
[v]
[a] tall
[b] level
[c] small
[3]
[i] dazzled his eyes
[ii] had never seen such a brilliant sun
[iii] there was no door
[iv]
[a] walk along the road; check out the place (2)
[b] kept on going although the sun was
scorching him (2)
[v] carefully explores everything
with his eyes (2)
Septimus was standing thus motionless. Then
again he said, "By Pollux!" and immediately proceeds through the
door. For he desires to see better what he has in front of him. The way was
long and straight; it lay open far before the boy and had many tall cypress
trees on both sides. Beyond the cypresses the fields were level, and small
hills not far away enclosed the plain.
Septimus looked at the place for a long time, until the rays of the sun began to dazzle his eyes. The whole business, however, was strange, and at first the boy was afraid, because he had never seen a sun so splendid. And so he turned himself back toward the door; for he wanted to enter again. But behold! there was no longer any door; he saw nothing except the long and straight road, the cypresses, the fields, and the hills. Septimus, however, who was not a timid boy, decided to walk along the road and explore the place. Therefore he proceeds and walks along the road for a long time; and although at first the hot sun was scorching the boy, he does not cease to advance, and diligently explores everything with his eyes.
Septimus I [2]
[As night is approaching, Septimus finds an odd stone by
the wayside and proceeds to study it. — He is still trying to read the
inscription carved on the stone, when a man in a travelling carriage appears.]
[1]
Tandem, ubi puer fessus iam erat, nōx appetēbat et tenebrae
tristēs omnia obscūrābant. vallis autem, quā via ducēbat, nōn iam ita lāta
erat, sed collēs utrimque apparēbant. Septimus et angustiās illās et tenebrās
timēbat; itaque tardē iam ambulābat et consīdere volēbat, cum subitō lapidem,
velut monumentum, ex adversō vīdit, et statim gradum accelerāvit.
[1]
[i] In what order are following first referred to?
effect of the darkness _____
feeling afraid _____
feeling tired _____
night approaching _____
seeing a stone _____
walking more quickly _____
walking slowly _____
wanting to sit down _____
[ii] Why did Septimus start walking more quickly? (2)
[2]
ubi autem tūtus eō advēnit, constitit et litterās legere
temptābat, quās in lapide lapicīda scripserat:
APPIUS CLAUDIUS* CENSOR FECIT
AD URBEM MILLIA VI
Septimus monumentum diū spectābat, sed verba obscūra puerum
miserum nihil adiuvābant. circā cupressī altae in margine viae caelum paene
obscūrābant. Septimus autem in saxō consīdit; locum ignorābat; verba obscūra
mentem sollicitābant; cupressī altae et dīrum silentium animum terrēbant.
rursus monumentum, viam, cupressōs spectāvit. et iam noctis tenebrae pavōrem
augēbant, cum subitō hominem procul vīdit, quī raedae operā celeriter
advolābat. ad raedam igitur Septimus pavidus appropinquāvit. ōs pallidum erat
et oculī madidī, sed sīc hominem compellāvit:
operā: (here) with the aid (of …)
*Appius Claudius: censor 312 B.C. The two censors had charge
of (among other things) public works. Appius, as censor, built the Appian Way
(named after him), the main road from Rome south to Capua. It was later
extended to the modern Brindisi, on the Adriatic coast.
[2] In what order are following first referred to?
[i]
a man _____
carriage _____
distance to a city _____
edge (of the road) _____
face _____
letters _____
rock _____
sky _____
stone cutter _____
words _____
[ii] Identify and translate the two-word phrases from the text
which convey the following:
[a] increasing fear
[b] a troubled mind
[c] a terrified soul
[d] approaching quickly
[iii] Identify and translate the adjectives used to describe:
[a] the words
[b] the silence
[c] Septimus (2)
[iv] How is Septimus’ fear physically described? (2)
[v] What did Septimus do when he saw the carriage? (2)
____________________
[1]
[i]
effect of the darkness [3]
feeling afraid [4]
feeling tired [1]
night approaching [2]
seeing a stone [8]
walking more quickly [6]
walking slowly [5]
wanting to sit down [7]
[ii] He saw a stone, like a monument. (2)
[2]
[i]
a man [8]
carriage [9]
distance to a city [3]
edge (of the road) [5]
face [10]
letters [1]
rock [7]
sky [6]
stone cutter [2]
words [4]
[ii]
[a] increasing fear; pavōrem augēbant | (they)
were increasing (his) fear
[b] a troubled mind; mentem sollicitābant | (they)
were troubling his mind
[c] a terrified soul; animum terrēbant | (they)
were terrifying (his) soul
[d] approaching quickly; celeriter advolābat | (it)
was flying quickly towards (him)
[iii]
[a] obscūra | obscure
[b] dīrum | fearful, dreadful
[c] miserum | miserable, wretched; pavidus |
terrified, alarmed (2)
[iv] pale face; wet / moist eyes (2)
[v] approached it; addressed / spoke to the man
(2)
[1] At last, when the boy was already tired,
night was approaching and grim darkness was obscuring everything. The valley,
however, through which the road led, was no longer so wide, but hills were
appearing on both sides. Septimus feared both those narrows and the darkness;
and so he was now walking slowly and wanted to sit down, when suddenly he saw a
stone, like a monument, right opposite him, and he immediately quickened his
pace.
[2] When he arrived there safely, however, he
stopped and tried to read the letters which a stonecutter had written on the
stone:
APPIUS CLAUDIUS THE CENSOR MADE THIS
6 MILES TO THE CITY
Septimus looked at the monument for a long time,
but the obscure words did not help the miserable boy at all. All around, tall
cypress trees on the edge of the road almost obscured the sky. Septimus sat
down on a rock; he did not know the place; the obscure words troubled his mind;
the tall cypresses and the dreadful silence terrified his soul. Again he looked
at the monument, the road, and the cypresses. And now the darkness of the night
was increasing his fear, when suddenly he saw a man in the distance, who was
flying toward him quickly by means of a carriage. Therefore, terrified,
Septimus approached the carriage. His face was pale and his eyes were wet, but
he addressed the man like this:
Septimus I [3]
[A conversation follows between Septimus and the stranger.
Each notes that the other is oddly dressed, and Septimus learns that he is in
Italy.]
SEPTIMUS: ō vir optime! adiuvā, quaesō, puerum miserum.
ignōtus ignōtā in terrā errō. (Then, looking at the stranger more closely)
sed quis tū es, quī vestēs ita novās geris? nonne brācās gerere dēbēs?
STRANGER: brācāsne dīxistī? brācās gerunt Persae: ego cīvis
Rōmānus sum. ecce, tunicam lāneam, sīcut semper, gerō; paenulam autem et
pilleum gerō, quod viātor nunc forīs iter faciō.
SEPTIMUS: iam meminī, tabulam Londiniī in lūdō vīdī:—senātor
Rōmānus in forō stābat et hūiusmodī vestīmenta et ille gerēbat.
STRANGER: errās, ō puer. senātor iste nōn paenulam sed togam
praetextam gerēbat, sī habitum ordinī suō proprium habēbat. nam senātōrēs togam
praetextam semper gerunt,—et puerīs quoque praetexta est vestīmentum proprium.
cūr tū praetextam nōn geris?
SEPTIMUS: ignōtus, ut dixī, in terrā ignōtā errō. nōn Rōmānus
sum, sed puer Britannicus; quārē Britannicās gerō vestēs. sed dīc mihi, quaesō;
quae est haec terra? et (pointing to the stone) monumentum quid nuntiat?
nam cuncta obscūra sunt, et domum īre volō.
STRANGER: terra haec Italia est, ō puer; viam, quā nunc iter
facis, Appiam vocant. nam Appius Claudius Censor inter Rōmam Capuamque viam
fēcit, ut monumentum prōnuntiat,—APPIUS CLAUDIUS CENSOR FECIT. est rēgīna
viārum. etiam (looking again at the milestone) hic locus ab urbe sex
mīllia passuum distat.
[1] Who refers to what: Septimus or the Stranger?
[i] a school in London __________
[ii] being a Roman citizen __________
[iii] being a traveller __________
[iv] standing in the forum __________
[v] the clothes of Roman boys __________
[vi] wandering in an unknown land __________
[vii] the name of the road __________
[viii] wanting to go home __________
[ix] wearing unusual clothes __________
[x] what Persians wear __________
[2] What did Septimus see in London? Give details. (3)
[3] The stranger talks about the toga praetexta.
[a] Do your own research. What was the distinguishing feature
of a toga praetexta? (1)
[b] “sī habitum ordinī suō proprium habēbat” According
to the stranger, what would the toga praetexta show?
[c] “Cūr tū praetextam nōn geris?” Do your own
research. Why would the stranger ask Septimus that question? (3)
[d] “Nam senātōrēs togam praetextam semper gerunt.” Do
your own research. How accurate is that statement? (3)
[4] Apart from the toga praetexta, identify and
translate the four other items of clothing which are referred to. (4)
[5] What does Septimus want to know about the stone?
[6] Why is the road called the Appian Way? (2)
[7] Identify and translate the two-word phrase used by the
stranger that emphasises the importance of the Appian way.
____________________
[1]
[i] Londiniī in lūdō: Septimus
[ii] cīvis Rōmānus: Stranger
[iii] viātor: Stranger
[iv] in forō stābat: Septimus
[v] puerīs ... vestīmentum proprium: Stranger
[vi] in terrā ignōtā errō: Septimus
[vii] Appiam: Stranger
[viii] domum īre volō: Septimus
[ix] vestēs ita novās geris: Septimus
[x] brācās gerunt Persae: Stranger
[2] picture of a Roman senator standing in the
forum and wearing such clothing
[3]
[a] purple border along its edge
[b] his rank / political office / that he was a
senator
[c] (1) Septimus is a young boy; (1) the sons of
Roman citizens wore the toga praetexta (1) before they came of
age
[d] (1) Not all senators always wore the toga
praetexta; (1) it was generally worn by magistrates and others entitled to
wear it; (1) worn by senators on festival days
[4]
“brācās”: trousers / breeches
“tunicam lāneam”: woollen tunic
“paenulam”: travelling cloak
“pilleum”: (felt) cap / hat
[5] what the monument says
[6] (1) Appius Claudius Censor built the road
(1) between Rome and Capua
[7] rēgīna viārum | the queen of the roads
SEPTIMUS: Oh, excellent sir! Please help a
miserable boy. I am a stranger wandering in an unknown land. (Then, looking
at the stranger more closely) But who are you, who are wearing such strange
clothes? Surely you ought to be wearing trousers?
STRANGER: Did you say trousers? Persians wear
trousers: I am a Roman citizen. Look, I am wearing a woollen tunic, as always;
but I am wearing a travelling cloak and a felt cap, because I am now travelling
abroad as a traveller.
SEPTIMUS: Now I remember: I saw a picture in a
school in London: a Roman senator was standing in the forum and he too was
wearing such clothing.
STRANGER: You are mistaken, boy. That senator
was wearing not a travelling cloak but a toga praetexta, if he was wearing the
dress proper to his order. For senators always wear the toga praetexta—and it
is also the proper garment for boys. Why are you not wearing the praetexta?
SEPTIMUS: As I said, I am a stranger wandering
in an unknown land. I am not a Roman, but a British boy; therefore I wear
British clothes. But tell me, please: what land is this? And (pointing to
the stone) what does the monument say? For everything is unclear, and I
want to go home.
STRANGER: This land is Italy, boy; the road on
which you are now travelling they call the Appian. For Appius Claudius Censor
built the road between Rome and Capua, as the monument declares: “APPIUS
CLAUDIUS CENSOR BUILT IT.” It is the queen of roads. Moreover, (looking
again at the milestone) this place is six thousand paces from the city.
Septimus I [4]
[Septimus hears the stranger's destination, learns his
name, and joins him in his journey. But the pair meet with an accident.]
[1] Septimus prīmō nihil respondit, sed multa in animō
cōgitābat dē responsīs quae advena dabat. Deinde, “Dē prīmīs quae rogābam,”
inquit, “bene mē docuistī; iam dē cēterīs mē docē. Quae enim haec urbs est?
Quis tū es, et unde tam celeriter advolās?”
[1] A, B or C?
[i] Septimus
(A) thought about the answers he would give
(B) did not know what to say
(C) thought about the stranger’s answers
[2] Septimus
(A) was satisfied with all the answers
(B) wanted to know more
(C) asked about other people
[2] Advena autem ita respondit (tabernārius enim erat ex
Suburrā, et Suburra erat urbis regiō īnfima, ubi pauperēs inopēsque domicilium
habēbant): “Urbs Rōma est. Ego caupō sum nōmine Mucrō, et tabernam in Suburrā
habeō, ubī vīna bona sed nōn pretiōsa vīcīnīs meīs vendō. Ex oppidō Capuā nunc
iter faciō, ubī mercātor quīdam fraudulentus vīna pretiōsa sed nōn bona mihi
vendere temptābat. Iam domum laetus reveniō.”
[2] Which of the following statements are true (T) or false
(F)?
(A) Suburra is a town in Italy. _____
(B) Suburra is a wealthy district of Rome. _____
(C) Many poor people live in Suburra. _____
(D) Mucro is an inn-keeper. _____
(E) Mucro sells expensive wine. _____
(F) Mucro sells good wine. _____
(G) Mucro is travelling to Capua. _____
(H) A merchant tried to sell him cheap wine. _____
(I) Mucro is travelling from Capua. _____
(J) A merchant tried to sell him bad wine. _____
(K) Mucro’s home is in Capua. _____
(L) Mucro is returning home. _____
[3] Septimus autem, “At ego Septimus sum nōmine et laetus tua
verba audiō,” inquit, “nam raeda tua, ut videō, duōs viātōrēs facile vehit; at
nunc ūnus sōlum inest. Ego quoque Rōmam pervenīre volō; itaque in raedam ecce
ascendō. Iter ad urbem Rōmam patet, et noctis umbrae tardōs viātōrēs festīnāre
iubent.”
[3]
[i] “laetus tua verba audiō” Give four reasons why
Septimus says this. (4)
[ii] Translate: Iter ad urbem Rōmam patet, et noctis umbrae
tardōs viātōrēs festīnāre iubent. (5)
[4] Puer igitur, ubi ultima haec verba prōnuntiāvit, sine morā
prōsiluit et in raedam ascendit. Tabernārius autem attonitus dextram tollit et
stimulō equōs incitat. Prōsiliunt equī; Septimus tabernāriusque raedae latera
prensant, dum ad urbem celeriter advolant.
[4] In which order do the following events occur?
Septimus climbs onto the carriage _____
Septimus leaps forward _____
The horses leap forward _____
The inn-keeper raises his right hand _____
The inn-keeper spurs on the horses _____
They hurry towards the city _____
They hold on to the sides of the carriage _____
[5] Prīmō tūtī iter faciunt, sed subitō sonus dīrus in aurēs
incidit; rotae titubant; Mucrō miser habēnas ē dextrā dēmittit; vīs repentīna
viātōrēs in terram prōturbat. Nam raeda, quia duōs portāre nōlēbat, magnā
strāge corruerat. Equī autem territī fugā āvolāvērunt.
[5] What information is given about:
[i] the start of the journey
[ii] what they hear
[iii] the carriage wheels
[iv] the reins
[v] the reason they are thrown to the ground
[vi] the strength of the carriage (2)
[vii] the reaction of the horses (2)
____________________
[1]
[i] C
[ii] B
[2] (A) F; (B) F; (C) T; (D) T; (E) F; (F) T;
(G) F; (H) F; (I) T; (J) T; (K) F; (L) T
[3]
[i] (1) The carriage can transport two
travellers; (1) Septimus is alone; (1) Septimus wants to reach Rome; (1)
Septimus can go on the carriage.
[ii] (1) The road to Rome (1) lies open and (1)
the darkness of the night (1) commands slow travellers (1) to hurry.
[4]
Septimus climbs onto the carriage (2)
Septimus leaps forward (1)
The horses leap forward (5)
The inn-keeper raises his right hand (3)
The inn-keeper spurs on the horses (4)
They hurry towards the city (7)
They hold on to the sides of the carriage (6)
[5]
[i] safe
[ii] a dreadful sound
[iii] stagger / totter
[iv] Mucro drops them (from his right
hand)
[v] a sudden force
[vi] (1) unable to carry two people; (1)
collapses
[vii] (1) terrified; (1) gallop away
Septimus at first said nothing in reply, but was
thinking many things in his mind about the answers which the stranger was
giving. Then he said, “You have given me good answers [literally: you have
taught me well] about the first things which I was asking about; now tell
[literally: teach] me about the rest. For what city is this? Who are you, and
from where are you flying so quickly?”
The stranger, however, replied as follows (for
he was an inn-keeper from the Subura, and the Subura was the lowest district of
the city, where poor and needy people lived):
“Rome is the city. I am an inn-keeper by the
name of Mucro, and I have a shop in the Subura, where I sell good but not
expensive wines to my neighbours. I am now travelling from the town of Capua,
where a certain fraudulent merchant was trying to sell me expensive but not
good wines. Now I am happily returning home.”
Septimus, however, said, “But my name is Septimus, and I am glad to hear your words, for, as I see, your carriage easily carries two travellers; but now there is only one in it. I too want to reach Rome; and so, look, I am climbing into the carriage. The road to the city of Rome lies open, and the shadows of night command slow travellers to hurry.”
So, when the boy had uttered these final
words, he immediately leapt forward
and climbed into the carriage. But the inn-keeper, astonished, raises his right
hand and urges the horses on with his whip. The horses leap forward; Septimus
and the inn-keeper hold on to the sides of the carriage as they hurry rapidly
towards the city.
At first they travel safely, but suddenly a
dreadful sound strikes their ears; the wheels stagger; poor Mucro lets the
reins fall from his right hand; a sudden force throws the travellers to the
ground. For the carriage, because it did not want to carry two people, had
collapsed with a great crash. But the terrified horses galloped away in flight.
Septimus I [5] (1)
[1] Septimus comesque velut mortuī in viā iacēbant, et diū sīc
manēbant. tum prīmus Septimus sē colligit; locum circumspicit et clādem tōtam
comprehendit. deinde nōn sine dolōre sē tollit; sed dolōrem omnem ē mente
expellit, ubi locum agnōscit. nam sepulchra multa in viae margine erant: huius
locī imāginem ōlim in lūdō vīderat. itaque hīs verbīs sē compellāvit:
"scīlicet in viā Appiā sumus. raeda enim, quae mē et amīcum meum ad urbem
vehēbat, subitō corruit. viam Appiam nunc in mentem revocō. nōn procul hinc
Clōdius ōlim in rixā cecidit – Clōdius ille praecipuus Cicerōnī ōrātōrī
inimīcus fuit, sī rēctē magister meus Londiniī rem narrāvit. et monumenta illa,
quae in viae margine videō, mortuōrum cīvium cinerēs conservant. Mucrō autem .
. ."
[1]
[i] “Septimus … tollit”
[a] Identify and translate the two-word phrase indicating the
extent of the damage.
[b] Identify and translate the three-word phrase indicating
that Septimus was in pain.
[ii] “sed dolōrem … vīderat”
What draws Septimus’ attention? Give details. (4)
[iii] “viam Appiam … conservant.”
[a] What event does Septimus recall? (3)
[b] Who was Clodius?
[c] How does Septimus know about him?
[d] What do the monuments contain?
[iv] Identify the tenses of the verbs:
[a] iacēbant
[b] vīderat
[c] revocō
[d] cecidit
[v] Give the nominative singular of the nouns:
[a] clādem
[b] imāginem
[c] urbem
[d] mentem
[e] rem
[f] cinerēs
[vi] Explain the use of the word in bold and translate the
phrases (4):
sē colligit; sē tollit; sē compellāvit
[vii] Identify the case and number of the words in bold:
[a] sepulchra multa in viae margine erant
[b] huius
locī imāginem ōlim in
lūdō vīderat.
[c] itaque hīs verbīs sē compellāvit
[d] scīlicet in viā Appiā sumus
[e] mortuōrum cīvium
cinerēs conservant
[viii] Identify the case of the nouns in bold, and explain why
it is used:
Cicerōnī ōrātōrī inimīcus fuit
[ix]
[a] velut mortuī is an example of a [A] synonym [B] symbol
[C] simile
[b] nōn sine dolōre is an example of [A] litotes [B] alliteration
[C] lexis
____________________
[i] (a) clādem tōtam: “the whole disaster”; (b)
nōn sine dolōre: “not without pain”
[ii] (1) many tombs (1) beside the road; (1) he
had seen an image of the place (1) at school
[iii]
[a] (1) Clodius ‘fell’ / was killed (1) in
a quarrel (1) on the Appian Way; note: Clodius was killed by Milo during a
quarrel on the Appian Way in 52BC.
[b] a prominent enemy of Cicero
[c] His teacher (in London) had told him the
story.
[d] the ashes of dead citizens
[iv]
[a] imperfect
[b] pluperfect
[c] present
[d] perfect
[v]
[a] clādēs
[b] imāgō
[c] urbs
[d] mēns
[e] rēs
[f] cinis
[vi]
(1) reflexive pronoun, referring to the
subject of the sentence i.e. Septimus; (1) sē colligit: he pulls himself together;
(1) sē tollit: he raises himself; (1) sē compellāvit: he addressed himself
[vii]
[a] nominative plural
[b] genitive singular
[c] ablative plural
[d] ablative singular
[e] genitive plural
[viii]
(1) dative singular; (1) inimīcus (hostile) takes
the dative, i.e. Cicerōnī orātōrī inimīcus: hostile towards the
orator Cicero (less literally: an enemy of the orator Cicero)
[ix] The question tests knowledge of figures
of speech:
[a] C: simile; a comparison between two
things using “like” or “as”; often, the comparison is not literal:
… velut mortuī in viā iacēbant |
(they) were lying on the road as if dead (like they were dead)
[b] A: litotes; forms an understatement
with the use of a negative e.g. not bad = good:
nōn sine dolōre | not without pain = with pain
Septimus and his companion were lying on the
road as if dead, and remained like that for a long time. Then Septimus was the
first to pull himself together; he looked around the place and grasped the full
extent of the disaster. Then, not without pain, he got himself up; but he drove
all the pain from his mind when he recognised the place. For there were many
tombs beside the road: he had once seen an image of this place at school. So he
addressed himself in these words:
“Clearly, we are on the Appian Way. For the
carriage which was carrying me and my friend to the city suddenly overturned. I
now recall the Appian Way. Not far from here, Clodius was killed in a quarrel
at one time — that prominent Clodius was an enemy of the orator Cicero, if my
teacher in London told me the story correctly. And those monuments which I see
beside the road preserve the ashes of dead citizens. But Mucro . . .”
Septimus I [5] (2)
[2] Sed iam tabernārius membra lentē movēbat et magnā vōce
gemēbat. ubi puerum videt, clādem tōtam comprehendit et statim sē colligit.
homō nātūra erat facētus, et sepulchra illā digitō indicāvit et ita dīxit:
"paene mortuī sumus inter mortuōs, ō Septime. sed, quamquam raeda corruit
et equī aufūgērunt, nōn multum doleō. nam raeda vetusta fuit, et equōrum alter
est claudus, alter annōs XX nātus."
[2]
[i] How do we know that the inn-keeper was in pain? (2)
[ii] Identify and translate the three-word phrase which
describes the character of the inn-keeper. (2)
[iii] A, B or C? The inn-keeper:
[A] pointed to the tombs
[B] touched the tombs with his fingers
[C] referred to the numbers on the tombs
[iv] Identify the case of the noun in bold and explain why it
is used (2):
paene mortuī sumus inter mortuōs, ō Septime
[v] Translate and identify the clause type (2):
quamquam raeda corruit et equī aufūgērunt
…
[vi] “nōn multum doleō” What reasons does the inn-keeper
give for saying this? (3)
____________________
[i] magnā vōce gemēbat | he was groaning loudly
[ii] nātūrā erat facētus | he was witty / facetious
by nature
[iii] A
[iv] (1) vocative singular; (1) Septimus is
being directly addressed
[v] (1) although the carriage overturned and the
horses ran away; (1) concessive clause
[vi] (1) the carriage was old; (1) one horse was
lame; (1) the other was twenty years old
But now the inn-keeper was slowly moving his
limbs and groaning loudly. When he sees the boy, he grasps the full extent of
the disaster and immediately pulls himself together. The man was witty by
nature, and he pointed to those tombs with his finger and said:
“We are almost dead among the dead, Septimus.
But although the carriage overturned and the horses ran away, I do not grieve
much. For the carriage was old, and one of the horses is lame, the other twenty
years old.”
Septimus I [6] (1)
[The two travellers set off for Rome, and make for the
inn-keeper's home in the Suburra.]
Forte haud procul ab urbe aberant. Rōmānī locum vallem Ēgeriae
vocābant, quod ibi dea Ēgeria cōnsilium Numae, rēgī Rōmānōrum secundō, dare
solēbat. nam Numa, quī sacra et caerimōniās populō Rōmānō instituit, nōn suō
sed deae auxiliō lēgēs excōgitāvit. rex autem deam benignam ibi prope viam in
valle amoenā vīsere solēbat. hinc igitur Septimus cum tabernāriō ad urbem
pedibus ambulāre coepit. silēbat ibi Mucrō, quia dē raedā suā fractā cōgitābat;
tacēbat Septimus, quod nōn satis animae ad sermōnem habēbat (tam celerī pede
alter eum īre cōgēbat).
[i] “Forte … solēbat.”
Explain why the valley is called Egeria. Give details.
(3)
[ii] “nam Numa … solēbat.
[a] Name three achievements of Numa. (3)
[b] How do we know that Numa regularly consulted with the
goddess?
[c] Identify and translate the adjective which describes the
valley.
[iii] “hinc igitur … cōgēbat.
[a] How did they reach the city?
[b] Why was Mucro silent?
[c] Why was Septimus silent? (3)
[iv] Identify the parts of speech:
[a] forte
[b] dare
[c] quī
[d] prope
[e] quia
[f] fractā
[v] What two types of ablative are being used in this
sentence?
hinc igitur Septimus cum (a) tabernāriō ad urbem (b) pedibus
ambulāre coepit
[vi] Translate: nam Numa … nōn suō sed deae auxiliō lēgēs
excōgitāvit, and precisely convey the meaning of suō. (4)
[vii] Identify the case of the noun in bold and explain why it
is being used:
quod nōn satis animae ad sermōnem habēbat
____________________
[i] The (1) goddess Egeria (1) used to give
advice there to Numa, (1) the second king of the Romans.
[ii]
[a] He established (1) sacred rites and (1)
ceremonies, and (1) devised laws
[b] he was accustomed to visiting her
[c] amoenā: pleasant; lovely
[iii]
[a] on foot
[b] he was thinking about the broken carriage
[c] (1) he lacked the breath to speak; (1) the
other man forced him to walk (1) at a swift pace.
[iv]
[a] adverb
[b] infinitive
[c] relative pronoun
[d] preposition
[e] conjunction
[f] perfect passive participle
[v]
[a] accompaniment
[b] means / instrument
[vi] (1) For Numa … devised laws (1) not by his
own help, (1) but with the help (1) of the goddess.
[vii]
(1) genitive (singular); (1) partitive
genitive with satis; literally: enough of breath
By chance they were not far away from the city.
The Romans used to call the place the valley of Egeria, because there the
goddess Egeria was accustomed to give advice to Numa, the second king of the
Romans. For Numa, who established sacred rites and ceremonies for the Roman
people, devised laws not by his own help but with the help of the goddess.
Moreover, the king was accustomed to visit the kind goddess there near the road
in the pleasant valley. From here, therefore, Septimus began to walk on foot to
the city with the inn-keeper. There Mucro was silent, because he was thinking
about his broken carriage; Septimus was silent, because he did not have enough
breath for conversation (the other was forcing him to go at such a swift pace).
Septimus I [6] (2)
Iam portae Capēnae* appropinquābant. stellae in caelō
fulgēbant, et lūna simul ōre serēnō viātōribus arrīdēbat portamque illustrābat.
ibi tabernārius “tandem” inquit “in portū paene nāvigāmus.” dum haec dīcit, sub
fornicem portae iam intrābant, et aquae gutta puerī in caput dēsuper incidit.
et tabernārius “maris mentiō” inquit “aquās, ut ego existimō, dēdūcit.
claudicat Aqua Claudia*, et aquam nōn ōrī sed capitī cīvium bonōrum
infundit.” Septimus autem ita respondit: “obscūra dīcis, ō Mucrō, sed, ut rīsus
tuus dēmōnstrat, facēta.” nam dē Aquā Claudiā ignōrābat, quae rīvōs aquae
pōtābilis a montibus ad urbem Rōmam dūcēbat.
* This was the gate through which the Appian Way
passed into the city. The arch of the gate supported the Roman aqueduct, the
Aqua Claudia.
[i] Explain the term personification and how it is
applied to the description of the moon. (4)
[ii] “in portū paene
navigāmus” They are not literally sailing in a port. It is a proverbial
expression. What does the inn-keeper mean when he says this?
[iii] “dum haec …
dēdūcit.
[a] What happened to Septimus
as he went under the arch of the gate? (2)
[b] What did the inn-keeper
was the reason for this? (2)
[iv] “claudicat … infundit.”
[a] What is the literal meaning of claudicat? How would
it be best understood? (2)
[b] Based on the position of the Aqua Claudia, where should
the water be going, and where is it actually going? (2)
[v] “obscūra dīcis… dūcēbat.”
Which of the following statements are true (T) or false (F)?
Septimus …
[a] thought that Mucro’s words were sinister _____
[b] took Mucro seriously _____
[c] knew that Mucro was joking _____
[d] was laughing at Mucro _____
[e] did not know where the Aqua Claudia was _____
The Aqua Claudia …
[f] brought water from the mountains to the sea _____
[g] brought water to the city _____
[h] brought drinking water _____
[i] brought water from the sea _____
____________________
[i]
(1) personification: giving human
qualities to inanimate objects; (1) the moon had a calm face; (1) it was
smiling at the travellers; (1) it was lighting up the gate
[ii] we are almost safe / we have almost reached
our destination
[iii]
[a] (1) a drop of water (1) fell onto his head
(from above)
[b] (1) He had mentioned the sea; (1) this
caused the water to drop
[iv]
[a] (1) it’s ‘limping’ / ‘lame’; (1) the water
is not running well / it is leaking / it is defective; note: claudicat
is a pun on Claudia
[b] (1) It should be going into the mouths of
the citizens, and (1) not on their heads.
[v]
[a] F
[b] F
[c] T
[d] F
[e] T
[f] F
[g] T
[h] T
[i] F
They were already approaching the Porta Capena.
Stars were shining in the sky, and at the same time, the moon was smiling upon
the travelers with a serene countenance and illuminating the gate. There the inn-keeper
said, "Finally, we are almost sailing in the harbour." While he was
saying these things, they were already entering under the arch of the gate, and
a drop of water fell from above onto the boy's head. And the inn-keeper said,
"The mention of the sea, in my opinion, brings down the waters. The Aqua
Claudia leaks, and it pours water not into the mouth, but onto the head of good
citizens." Septimus, however, replied in this way: "You say vague
words, Mucro, but, as your laugh shows, witty ones." For he knew nothing
about the Aqua Claudia, which carried streams of drinking water from the
mountains to the city of Rome.
Septimus I [6] (3)
Inde celeriter per urbem festīnant, nec multa dīcunt. nam
Septimus saepe sē rogat: “ubi sunt montēs septem? magister enim meus Londiniī
dē montibus septem urbis Rōmae saepe narrābat.” nec lūnae per lūmen montēs, sed
parvōs tantum collēs vidēbat. tum “quā in parte Tulliānum?”* “ubi cadāvera?” et
multa alia hūiusmodī rogābat. sed, dum per vīcōs angustōs iter accelerant,
pauca tantum tabernārius dīcit: “in mediō tūtissimus ībīs. nam servī incautī
aquam et testās et alia multa ē fenestrīs saepe iaciunt.” deinde, quamquam
Septimus multa rogāre volēbat, tacitī prōcēdēbant, dum regiōnem Suburrānam
celeriter petunt. mōx in vīcum angustum ad tabernam caupōnis adveniunt.
*Now known as the Mamertine Prison
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamertine_Prison
[i] Septimus refers to the seven hills of Rome. Do your own
research and match the names of the hills with the numbers on the map.
AVENTINE _____
CAELIAN _____
CAPITOLINE _____
ESQUILINE _____
PALATINE _____
QUIRINAL _____
VIMINAL _____
[ii] Why did Septimus know about the hills?
[iii] How did the hills appear and why?
[iv] Identify and translate the phrase which tells you that
Septimus asked a lot of questions.
[v] What impressions do you have of the districts they
were walking through? Give your own view together with evidence from the text
in Latin and either a translation or paraphrased version. (12)
____________________
[i]
AVENTINE: VII
CAELIAN: VI
CAPITOLINE: I
ESQUILINE: IV
PALATINE: V
QUIRINAL: II
VIMINAL: III
[ii] His teacher back in London used to often
tell him about them.
[iii] They only appeared to him as (1)
small hills rather than (1) mountains, (1) viewed by the light of the moon.
[iv]..et multa alia hūiusmodī rogābat | ...and
he was asking many other things of this kind
[v]
For this type of question, the key point is impressions.
Apart from ‘narrow’, the text does not give specific information. You need to
deduce from the content.
Your answers should include (i) a general
comment, together with (ii) the Latin reference and (iii) a translation or
paraphrase. Consider comments such as cramped, disordered, filthy,
hazardous, a sense of urgency, tense etc.
(1)
(i) a sense of urgency / haste; reluctance to
spend too much time in these narrow / cramped districts
(ii) dum per vīcōs angustōs iter accelerant |
(iii) while they speed up their journey through the narrow streets /
neighbourhoods
(2)
(i) hazardous / dangerous; the streets pose a
direct physical threat to anyone walking through them
(ii) in mediō tūtissimus ībīs | (iii) you
will go most safely in the middle of the street (implying the sides are
dangerous)
(3)
(i) filthy / chaotic / careless; waste disposal
is uncontrolled and thoughtless; waste dumped directly onto the public pathway
(ii) nam servī incautī aquam et testās et
alia multa ē fenestrīs saepe iaciunt | (iii0 careless slaves
frequently throw water, broken pottery, and many other things out of the
windows
(4)
(i) tense / anxious: minds are totally focussed
on reaching their destination; no time to talk
(ii) tacitī prōcēdēbant, dum regiōnem
Suburrānam celeriter petunt | (iii) they proceeded in silence while they
rapidly headed for the Suburra district
Then they hurry quickly through the city, and they do not say much. For Septimus often asks himself: "Where are the seven hills? For my teacher in London often used to tell about the seven hills of the city of Rome." But through the light of the moon he did not see mountains, but only small hills. Then he asked, "In which direction is the Tullianum?"* "Where are the corpses?" and many other things of this kind. But, while they quicken their journey through the narrow streets, the innkeeper says only a few words: "You will go safest in the middle. For careless slaves often throw water and pottery and many other things out of the windows." Then, although Septimus wanted to ask many things, they proceeded in silence, while they quickly head for the region of the Subura. Soon they arrive in a narrow street at the innkeeper's tavern.
