Level 4; literature; Mediaeval; Gesta Rōmānōrum; Filia Piratae [3]

Puella audiēns istās ratiōnēs ait: “Ad prīmam respondeō, quandō dīcis, quod ego dēcēpī patrem meum proprium, quod nōn est vērum. Ille dēcīpitur, quī in aliquō bonō dīminuitur. Sed pater meus tam locuplēs est, quod alicuius auxiliō nōn indiget. Cum hoc perpendī, iuvenem istum ā carcere līberāvī, et sī pater meus prō eō redemptiōnem accēpisset, nōn multum propter hoc dītior fuisset, et tū per redemptiōnem dēpauperātus essēs. Ergō in istō actū tē salvāvī, quod redemptiōnem nōn dēdistī, et patrī meō nūllam iniūriam fēcī.

Ad aliam ratiōnem, quandō dīcis, quod ego ex libīdine hoc fēcī, respondeō: hoc nūllō modō potest fierī, quia libīdō aut est propter pulchritūdinem aut propter dīvitiās aut propter fortitūdinem. Sed fīlius tuus nūllum istōrum habuit, quia pulchritūdō eius per carcerem erat annihilāta; nec dīves fuit, quia nōn habuit, unde sē ipsum redimeret; nec fortis, quia fortitūdinem perdidit per carceris macerātiōnem. Ergō sōla pietās mē movēbat, quod ipsum līberāvī.

Pater hoc audiēns nōn potuit fīlium arguere ulterius. Fīlius ergō cum magnā solennitāte eam in uxōrem dūxit et in pāce vītam fīnīvit.

Vocabulary

[i]

[1] Look out for variant spellings:

sollemnitās, -tātis [3/f]: solemnity; formality

here: solennitāte; the consonant cluster of -mn- often occurs in Mediaeval writing as -mpn- / -mnn- / -nn-, for example:

sollemnis, -e > sollempnis

[ii]

arguō, -ere, -uī, argūtus [3]: (here) blame

dēpauperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1] (Mediaeval) impoverish

indigeō, -ēre, -uī [2]: need, want, require, lack

+ ablative: alicuius auxiliō nōn indiget | he does not need the help of anybody

perpendō, -ere, -pendī, -pensus [3]: consider, examine (carefully), ponder

[iii]

dītior: wealthier; comparative of dīves, divitis

locuplēs, -ētis: wealthy

Notes

Mediaeval features

[i] quod introducing indirect statement:

quandō dīcis, quod ego dēcēpī patrem meum proprium

when you say that I deceived my own father

quandō dīcis, quod ego ex libīdine hoc fēcī

when you say that I did this out of desire

[ii] quod introducing clause of result:

pater meus tam locuplēs est, quod alicuius auxiliō nōn indiget

my father is so wealthy that he has no need of anyone’s help

Subjunctive usage

[i] sī pater meus prō eō redemptiōnem accepisset, nōn multum propter hoc dītior fuisset et tū per redemptiōnem dēpauperātus essēs.

if my father had received a ransom for him, he would not have been much richer because of it, and you would have been impoverished through the ransom

conditional clause: past contrary-to-fact

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2026/04/140926-level-3-conditional-clauses-9.html

[ii] quia nōn habuit, unde sē ipsum redimeret

… because he had nothing with which he could ransom himself

characteristic

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20characteristic

____________________

The girl, hearing these arguments, said: “To the first I reply: when you say that I deceived my own father, that is not true. He is deceived who is diminished in some good. But my father is so wealthy that he has no need of anyone’s help. When I considered this, I freed that young man from prison, since if my father had received a ransom for him, he would not have been much richer because of it, and you would have been impoverished through the ransom. Therefore in that action I saved you by not giving the ransom, and I did no injury to my father.

To the second argument, when you say that I did this out of desire, I reply that this can in no way be the case, because desire exists either on account of beauty, or wealth, or strength. But your son had none of these, since his beauty had been destroyed by imprisonment; nor was he rich, because he had nothing with which to ransom himself; nor was he strong, because he had lost his strength through the weakening of prison. Therefore only compassion moved me, when I freed him.”

The father, hearing this, was no longer able to accuse his son further. Therefore the son, with great solemnity, took her as his wife, and ended his life in peace.

Level 4; listening; Nūntiī Latīnī [3]

Manifēstātiōnēs tumultuōsae Parīsiīs et in aliīs Franciae regiōnibus diē Sabbatī continuābantur. Autoraedae cremābantur et fenestrae tabernārum frangēbantur. Damna Parīsiīs maiōra erant quam ante septimānam. Bruno Le Maire, minister ab aerāriō pūblicō, violentiam tumultuantium oeconomiae catastrophicam appellāvit. Praesertim mercātōrēs, caupōnāriī et gestōrēs dēversōriōrum damna cēpērunt.

[i] True or false?

[a] Demonstrations began on Saturday.

[b] The demonstrations were only in Paris.

[ii] What was burned?

[iii] What was smashed?

[iv] The damage in Paris was worse compared to ….

[v] Who is Bruno Le Maire?

[vi] How did he describe the damage?

[vii] Which three groups of people particularly suffered losses?

____________________

[i]

[a] false; they continued on Saturday

[b] false; in Paris and in other regions of France

[ii] cars

[iii] shop windows

[iv] a week ago / the previous week

[v] Minister of Public Finance

[vi] catastrophic for the economy

[vii] shopkeepers; café and restaurant owners; hoteliers

____________________

Violent demonstrations continued in Paris and in other regions of France on Saturday. Cars were burned and shop windows were smashed. The damage in Paris was greater than a week earlier. Bruno Le Maire, the minister of public finance, described the violence of the rioters as catastrophic for the economy. Merchants, café and restaurant owners, and hotel operators in particular suffered losses.

Level 3+ (review); Dooge LXXVI [4]

THE TRIUMPH OF CAESAR [2]

Imperātor ipse cum urbem intrāret, undique laetō clāmōre multitūdinis salūtātus est. Stābat in currū aureō quem quattuor albī equī vehēbant. Indūtus togā pictā, alterā manū habēnās et lauream tenēbat, alterā eburneum scēptrum. Post eum servus in currū stāns auream corōnam super caput eius tenēbat. Ante currum miserrimī captīvī, rēgēs prīncipēsque superātārum gentium, catēnīs vīnctī, prōgrediēbantur; et vīgintī quattuor līctōrēs laureatās fascīs ferentēs et signiferī currum Caesaris comitābantur. Conclūdit agmen multitūdō captīvōrum, quī, in servitūtem redāctī, dēmissō vultū, vīnctīs bracchiīs, sequuntur; quibuscum veniunt longissimō ōrdine mīlitēs, etiam hī praedam vel insignia mīlitāria ferentēs.

Caesar cum Capitōlium ascendisset, in templō Iovī Capitōlīnō sacra fēcit. Simul captivōrum quī nōbilissimī erant, abductī in carcerem, interfectī sunt. Sacrīs factīs Caesar dē Capitōliō dēscendit et in forō mīlitibus suīs honōrēs mīlitārīs dedit eīsque pecūniam ex bellī praedā distribuit.

Hīs omnibus rēbus cōnfectīs, Pūblius Caesarem valēre iussit et quam celerrimē ad vīllam contendit ut patrem mātremque salūtāret.

Dē rēbus gestīs P. Cornēlī Lentulī hāctenus.

You need to give two pieces of information about the words in bold as they are used in the text. In this exercise, you are not required to translate but to note, for example, the specific type of word / construction being used, tenses, cases etc. In some examinations, little to no guidance would be given. However, use the terms given at the end: for each, select one definition from [A] and one from [B]. Some of them are used more than once.

[1] quibuscum [A] __________; [B] __________

[2]

[i] cum urbem intrāret [A] __________; [B] __________

[ii] cum Capitōlium ascendisset [A] __________; [B] __________

[iii] ut patrem mātremque salūtāret [A] __________; [B] __________

[3]

[i] in currū stāns [A] __________; [B] __________

[ii] insignia mīlitāria ferentēs [A] __________; [B] __________

[4]

[i] indūtus togā pictā [A] __________; [B] __________

[ii] superātārum gentium [A] __________; [B] __________

[iii] dēmissō vultū [A] __________; [B] __________

[5] abductī in carcerem [A] __________; [B] __________

[6]

hīs omnibus rēbus cōnfectīs [A] __________; [B] __________

[7]

[i] sequuntur [A] __________; [B] __________

[ii] prōgrediēbantur [A] __________; [B] __________

[8]

[i] salūtātus est [A] __________; [B] __________

[ii] interfectī sunt [A] __________; [B] __________

[A]

 ablative absolute

 connecting relative pronoun

 deponent verb

 passive voice

 perfect passive participle

 present active participle

 subjunctive: clause of circumstance

 subjunctive: clause of purpose

[B]

 3^rd person plural

 3^rd person singular

 with X having been Y-ed i.e. after something had been done

 imperfect subjunctive

 imperfect tense

 masculine ablative singular

feminine genitive plural

 masculine nominative plural

 masculine nominative singular

 pluperfect subjunctive

 present tense

 refers to nouns in the previous sentence

____________________

[1]

[A] connecting relative pronoun; [B] refers to nouns in the previous sentence

[2]

[A] subjunctive: clause of circumstance; [B] imperfect subjunctive

[A] subjunctive: clause of circumstance; [B] pluperfect subjunctive

[A] subjunctive: clause of purpose; [B] imperfect subjunctive

[3]

[A] present active participle; [B] masculine nominative singular

[A] present active participle; [B] masculine nominative plural

[4]

[A] perfect passive participle; [B] masculine nominative singular

[A] genitive phrase; [B] feminine genitive plural

[A] perfect passive participle; [B] masculine ablative singular

[5]

[A] perfect passive participle; [B] masculine nominative plural

[6]

[A] ablative absolute; [B] with X having been Y-ed i.e. after something had been done

[7]

[A] deponent verb; [B] present tense

[A] deponent verb; [B] imperfect tense

[8]

[A] passive voice; [B] 3rd person singular

[A] passive voice; [B] 3rd person plural

____________________

The commander himself, when he was entering the city, was greeted from all sides by the joyful shouting of the crowd. He was standing in a golden chariot which four white horses were drawing. Dressed in a decorated toga, in one hand he held the reins and a laurel wreath, and in the other an ivory sceptre. Behind him, a slave standing in the chariot was holding a golden crown above his head.

In front of the chariot the most wretched captives, kings and chiefs of the conquered peoples, bound in chains, were moving forward; and twenty-four lictors carrying laurel-wreathed fasces and standard-bearers accompanied Caesar’s chariot. A multitude of captives brings up the rear of the column, who, having been reduced to slavery, follow with downcast expression and bound arms; along with them come soldiers in a very long line, these too carrying spoils or military insignia.

When Caesar had ascended the Capitoline, he performed sacred rites in the temple to Jupiter Capitolinus. At the same time, the most noble of the captives were led away into prison and were killed. When the rites had been completed, Caesar descended from the Capitoline and in the forum gave military honours to his soldiers and distributed money to them from the spoils of war.

After all these things had been completed, Publius ordered Caesar farewell and hurried as quickly as possible to the villa in order to greet his father and mother.

Thus far the account of the deeds of Publius Cornelius Lentulus.

Level 3+ (review); Dooge LXXVI [3] comprehension

THE TRIUMPH OF CAESAR [2]

Imperātor ipse cum urbem intrāret, undique laetō clāmōre multitūdinis salūtātus est. Stābat in currū aureō quem quattuor albī equī vehēbant. Indūtus togā pictā, alterā manū habēnās et lauream tenēbat, alterā eburneum scēptrum. Post eum servus in currū stāns auream corōnam super caput eius tenēbat.

Ante currum miserrimī captīvī, rēgēs prīncipēsque superātārum gentium, catēnīs vīnctī, prōgrediēbantur; et vīgintī quattuor līctōrēs laureatās fascīs ferentēs et signiferī currum Caesaris comitābantur.

[1] “Imperātor … caput eius tenēbat.”

Complete this summary:

[i] The whole crowd shouted greetings when __________ (1)

[ii] Caesar was standing in __________ (1)

[iii] Four __________ (1)

[iv] Caesar was dressed in __________ (1)

[v] Caesar was holding __________ (2) in one hand, and __________ (1) in the other.

[vi] Behind Caesar stood __________ (1) who was __________ (2).

[2] “Ante currum … comitābantur.”

In which order are the following referred to?

[2]

chiefs _____

conquered nations _____

guard of honour _____

kings _____

prisoners _____

standard bearers _____

symbols of legal authority _____

[3] Complete this section of the Latin text with the words listed below; ; note differences in the Latin and English word order

A multitude of captives closes the (1) column, who, (2) having been reduced to slavery, (3) follow with (4) downcast expression and their arms (5) bound; (6) along with them come soldiers in a very long (7) row, these too (8) bearing spoils or military insignia.

Conclūdit (1) __________ multitūdō captīvōrum, quī, in servitūtem (2) __________, (4) __________ vultū, (5) __________ bracchiīs, (3) __________; (6) __________ veniunt longissimō (7) __________ mīlitēs, etiam hī praedam vel insignia mīlitāria (8) __________.

agmen; dēmissō; ferentēs; ōrdine; quibuscum; redāctī; sequuntur; vīnctīs

[4]

Caesar cum Capitōlium ascendisset, in templō Iovī Capitōlīnō sacra fēcit. Simul captivōrum quī nōbilissimī erant, abductī in carcerem, interfectī sunt. Sacrīs factīs Caesar dē Capitōliō dēscendit et in forō mīlitibus suīs honōrēs mīlitārīs dedit eīsque pecūniam ex bellī praedā distribuit.

Hīs omnibus rēbus cōnfectīs, Pūblius Caesarem valēre iussit et quam celerrimē ad vīllam contendit ut patrem mātremque salūtāret.

Dē rēbus gestīs P. Cornēlī Lentulī hāctenus.

• hāctenus (adv.): thus far

[i] “Caesar … distribuit.”

Look at these comments concerning Caesar’s character as presented in the extract above. For each statement, quote and translate the statement that justifies each comment:

[i] Caesar is presented as showing gratitude to the gods.

[ii] At the same time he enforces harsh punishment.

[iii] He recognises the loyalty and success of his soldiers.

[iv] He is a generous leader.

[v] “Hīs omnibus … hāctenus.”

How does the story end for Publius? (4)

____________________

[1]

[i] … the general himself / Caesar entered the city (1)

[ii] … a gold chariot (1)

[iii] … white horses were pulling [lit: conveying] the chariot (1)

[iv] … a coloured (decorated / embellished) toga (1)

[v] … reins and a laurel (2) in one hand, and an ivory scepter (1) in the other

[vi] … a slave (1); holding a gold crown (1) above his head (1)

[2]

chiefs [3]

conquered nations [4]

guard of honour [5]

kings [2]

prisoners [1]

standard bearers [7]

symbols of legal authority [6]

[3]

Conclūdit (1) agmen multitūdō captīvōrum, quī, in servitūtem (2) redāctī, (4) dēmissō vultū, (5) vīnctīs bracchiīs, (3) sequuntur; (6) quibuscum veniunt longissimō (7) ōrdine mīlitēs, etiam hī praedam vel insignia mīlitāria (8) ferentēs.

[4]

[i] in templō Iovī Capitōlīnō sacra fēcit | he performed sacred rites in the temple to Jupiter Capitolinus

[ii] captīvōrum quī nōbilissimī erant, abductī in carcerem, interfectī sunt | the most noble of the captives, having been led into prison, were killed

[iii] in forō mīlitibus suīs honōrēs mīlitārīs dedit | in the forum he gave military honours to his soldiers

[iv] eīsque pecūniam ex bellī praedā distribuit | and he distributed money to them from the spoils of war

[v]

After everything had been completed (1) he bade farewell to Caesar (1) and headed as quickly as possible to the villa (1) to greet his mother and father (1).

Level 4; listening; Nūntiī Latīnī [2]

Hodiē sīve diē septimō mēnsis Iūniī Lutetiae Parīsiōrum Lūdī mundānī pedifolliī fēminārum initium capiunt, cum grex Francogalliae prīmā lūsiōne Coreanīs Merīdiānīs occurrit. Hīs certātiōnibus vīgintī quattuor manūs natiōnālēs in sex sectiōnēs sortītae intersunt. Certāmen fīnāle nōnīs Iūliīs in Stadiō Lugdūnēnsī īnstituētur.

[i] The article concerns:

A: the French football league

B: American football

C: an international soccer competition

D: the European Cup Final

[ii] The competition begins on __________

[iii] Venue __________

[iv] The first match is between _________ and __________

[v] Total number of teams __________

[vi] Number of groups __________

[vii] Date of the final (careful!) __________

[viii] Venue __________

____________________

[i] C

[ii] 7 June

[iii] Paris

[iv] France and South Korea

[v] 24

[vi] 6

[vii] 7 July; the Roman calendar system is used here:

nōnae | the Nones which, in July, refers to the 7^th of the month

[viii] Lyon Stadium

____________________

Today, on 7 June, the Women's Football World Cup begins in Paris, when the French team meets the South Koreans in the opening match. Twenty-four national teams, drawn into six groups, are taking part in the tournament. The final match will be held on 7 July at the Lyon Stadium.

Level 4; literature; Mediaeval; Gesta Rōmānōrum; Filia Piratae [2]

Statim puella, patre ignōrante, ipsum ā vinculis līberāvit et cum eō ad patriam suam fūgit. Cum vērō ad patrem suum venisset, ait eī pater: “Ō fīlī, dē tuō adventū gaudeō. Sed dīc mihī, quālis est ista puella, quam tēcum dūxistī!”

Ait ille: “Fīlia rēgis est, quam in uxōrem habeō.”

Ait pater: “Sub poenā amissiōnis hērēditātis tuae nōlō, ut eam in uxōrem dūcās.”

Ait ille: “Ō pater, quid dīcis! Plus eī teneor, quam tibī. Quandō captus eram in manū inimīcī et fortiter vinculātus, tibī prō meā redemptiōne scrīpsī, et nōluistī mē redimere. Ipsa vērō nōn tantum ā carcere, sed ā perīculō mortis mē līberāvit; ideō eam in uxōrem dūcere volō.”

Ait pater: “Fīlī, probō tibī, quod nōn possīs in eam cōnfīdere et per consequēns nūllō modō in uxōrem dūcere. Patrem proprium dēcēpit, quandō, ipsō ignōrante, tē ā carcere līberāvit. Prō quā līberātiōne pater eius multa perdidit, qu(a)e prō tuā redemptiōne habuisset. Ergō vidētur, quod tū nōn possīs in eam cōnfīdere et per consequēns nūllō modō in uxōrem dūcere. Item alia ratiō est. Ista licet tē līberāvit, hoc fuit causa libīdinis, ut posset tē in virum habēre, et ideō quia eius libīdō erat causa līberātiōnis tuae, nōn mihī vidētur, quod uxor tua erit.”

Vocabulary

[i]

amissiō, -ōnis [3/f]: loss

herēditās, -ātis [3/f]: inheritance

libidō, -inis [3/f]: desire, passion, lust

poena, -ae [1/f]: penalty

[ii]

cōnfīdō, cōnfīdere, cōnfīsus sum [3 semi-deponent]: to trust, rely on

Notes

[1] Ablative absolute using present active participles:

patre ignōrante

literally: with the father not knowing

> without her father’s knowledge

ipsō ignōrante

literally: with he himself not knowing

> without his knowledge

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/ablative%20absolute

[2]

Ista licet tē līberāvit, …

Although she freed you …

[3] Ista licet tē līberāvit, …

Although she freed you, …

The use of iste, ista, istud in a pejorative way – which was common in CL – is lost by the Mediaeval period; the demonstrative pronouns is, hic, ille and iste are used interchangeably although, in this particular text, given the father’s disdain of the girl, the original negative connotation could still be understood.

[2] Mediaeval use of quod in indirect statements:

probō tibī, quod nōn possīs in eam cōnfīdere

I prove to you that you would not be able to trust her

Ergō vidētur, quod tū nōn possīs in eam cōnfīdere

Therefore, it seems that you would not be able to trust her

nōn mihī vidētur, quod uxor tua erit.

It does not seem to me that she will be your wife

Subjunctive usage

[i] Cum vērō ad patrem suum venisset, …

But when she had come to his father …

cum-clause: circumstance

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20cum-clauses

[ii] nōlō, ut eam in uxōrem dūcās

I do not wish you to take her as your wife.

wishing; when negative: also known as prohibition

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20verbs%20of%20wishing

[iii] pater eius multa perdidit qu(a)e prō tuā redemptiōne habuisset

her father lost many things, which he would have received for your ransom

relative clause of characteristic i.e. referring to the type of thing the father would have received

The pluperfect subjunctive conveys contrary-to-fact i.e. it refers to a situation that happened in the past and cannot be altered: he would have had many things, but he did not receive them.

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20characteristic

[iv] … quod tū nōn possīs in eam cōnfīdere

… that you could not / would not be able to trust her

potential

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20potential

[v] hoc fuit causā libīdinis, ut posset tē in virum habēre

this was for the sake of desire, so that she might be able to have you as a husband

purpose

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20purpose

____________________

Immediately the girl, without her father’s knowledge, freed him from his chains and fled with him to his homeland. But when she had come to his father, the father said to her: “O son, I rejoice at your arrival. But tell me, what sort of girl is this whom you have brought with you?”

He said: “She is the king’s daughter, whom I have as my wife.”

The father said: “Under pain of losing your inheritance, I do not wish you to take her as your wife.”

He said: “O father, what are you saying! I am more obliged to her than to you. When I was captured in the hand of an enemy and strongly bound in chains, I wrote to you about my ransom, and you were unwilling to ransom me. But she not only freed me from prison, but also from the danger of death; therefore I wish to take her as my wife.”

The father said: “Son,  I prove to you that you could not trust her and consequently in no way can you take her as your wife. She deceived her own father when, without his knowledge, she freed you from prison. For that liberation her father lost much, which he would have received for your ransom. Therefore it seems that you would not be able to trust her and consequently in no way can you take her as your wife. Likewise there is another reason. Although she freed you, this was for the sake of desire, so that she might be able to have you as a husband, and therefore because her desire was the cause of your liberation, it does not seem to me that she will be your wife.”

Level 3+ (review); Dooge LXXVI [2] (1) deponent verbs; (2) subjunctive usage; (3) participial constructions

THE TRIUMPH OF CAESAR [1]

Pompēiō amīcīsque eius superātīs atque omnibus hostibus ubīque victīs, Caesar imperātor Rōmam rediit et extrā moenia urbis in campō Mārtiō castra posuit. Tum vērō amplissimīs honōribus adfectus est. Dictātor creātus est, et eī triumphus ā senātū est dēcrētus. Quō diē dē Gallīs triumphum ēgit, tanta multitūdō hominum in urbem undique cōnflūxit ut omnia loca essent cōnferta. Templa patēbant, ārae fūmābant, columnae sertīs ōrnātae erant. Cum vērō pompa urbem intrāret, quantus hominum fremitus ortus est! Prīmum per portam ingressī sunt senātus et magistrātūs. Secūtī sunt tībīcinēs, signiferī, peditēs laureā corōnātī canentēs: “Ecce Caesar nunc triumphat, quī subēgit Galliam,” et “Mīlle, mīlle, mīlle, mīlle Gallōs trucīdāvimus.” Multī praedam captārum urbium portābant, arma, omnia bellī īnstrūmenta. Secūtī sunt equitēs, animōsīs atque splendidissimē ōrnātīs equīs vectī, inter quōs Pūblius adulēscēns fortissimus habēbātur. Addūcēbantur taurī, arietēs, quī dīs immortālibus immolārentur. Ita longō agmine prōgrediēns exercitus sacrā viā per forum in Capitōlium perrēxit.

(1) review: deponent verbs

Deponent verbs look passive but they are active in meaning which can lead to misunderstanding since their forms are the same. You should become familiar with deponent verbs so that you recognise them when they occur in texts. A large number of them have been discussed in previous posts, but reference lists of the most common ones have also been given here.

Compare in the text [i] the passive forms of verbs and [ii] the deponent verbs:

[i]

amplissimīs honōribus adfectus est | he was bestowed with the highest honours

dictātor creātus est | he was made dictator

eī triumphus ā senātū est dēcrētus | a triumph was decreed for him by the senate

columnae sertīs ōrnātae erant | the columns had been decorated with garlands

Pūblius … fortissimus habēbātur. | Publius was regarded as the bravest

addūcēbantur taurī, arietēs, … | Bulls and rams were being led along, …

… quī dīs immortālibus immolārentur | … which were to be sacrificed to the immortal gods.

[ii]

sequor, sequī, secūtus sum [3/deponent]: follow

ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum [3-iō / deponent]: enter

orior, orīrī, ortus sum [4/deponent]: arise

secūtī sunt equitēs | the horsemen followed; not the horsemen *were followed*

secūtī sunt tībīcinēs | the flute-players followed

ingressī sunt senātus et magistrātūs | the senate and magistrates entered

quantus hominum fremitus ortus est! | what a great roar of people arose!

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/deponent%20verbs

(2) review: subjunctive usage

[i] Cum vērō pompa urbem intrāret

[ii] arietēs, quī … immolārentur

[iii] tanta multitūdō hominum in urbem undique cōnflūxit ut omnia loca essent cōnferta

(3) review: participial constructions

[i] Pompēiō amīcīsque eius superātīs …

[ii] omnibus hostibus ubīque victīs …

[iii] equitēs … splendidissimē ōrnātīs equīs vectī

[iv] peditēs laureā corōnātī …

[v] peditēs laureā corōnātī canentēs …

[vi] Ita longō agmine prōgrediēns exercitus …

____________________

After Pompey and his friends had been defeated, and all the enemies everywhere had been conquered, Caesar the commander returned to Rome and pitched camp outside the city walls in the Campus Martius.

Then indeed he was honoured with the highest distinctions. He was made dictator, and a triumph was decreed for him by the senate. On the day on which he celebrated his triumph over the Gauls, such a crowd of people poured into the city from all directions that every place was packed. The temples were open, the altars were smoking, and the columns had been decorated with garlands.

And when the procession entered the city, what a great roar of people arose! First the senate and magistrates entered through the gate. The flute-players followed, standard-bearers, and infantry crowned with laurel, singing: “Behold Caesar now triumphs, who has conquered Gaul,” and “A thousand, a thousand, a thousand, a thousand Gauls we have slain.”

Many were carrying the spoils of captured cities — weapons, all the equipment of war. The cavalry  followed, riding on [literally: conveyed by] spirited and most splendidly decorated horses, among whom the young man Publius was regarded as the bravest. Bulls and rams were being led along, which were to be sacrificed to the immortal gods.

Thus, advancing in a long procession, the army made its way along the Sacred Way through the Forum and on to the Capitoline.