This text reviews indirect statement by first presenting the information as direct speech [A] and then showing how this is changed to indirect statement / reported speech in [B]
Vocabulary
coniūrātiō, coniūrātiōnis [3/f]: [i] conspiracy [ii] (here) alliance, league
dēferō, dēferre, dētulī, dēlātus: to carry down; report
difficultās, difficultātis [3/f]: difficulty, trouble
fortitūdō, fortitūdinis [3/f]: bravery, courage
nātūra, -ae [1/f]: nature, character
- nātūra locī: natural features; topography
nōbilitās, nōbilitātis [3/f]: nobility, the nobles
ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis [3/f]: speech
- ōrātiōnem habēre: to make a speech
prīncipātus, -ūs [4/m]: leadership; supremacy; the first place
quondam: formerly, once
sine dubiō: doubtless
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: to hope, expect
DĒ ORGETORĪGE I
Apud Helvētiōs Orgetorīx est prīnceps longē nōbilissimus et potentissimus. Is, rēgnī cupiditāte adductus, coniūrātiōnem nōbilitātis facit. Cuius coniūrātiōnis dux esse vult. Ad nōbilēs hanc ōrātiōnem habet:
[A] "Cīvitās Helvētia, nostra patria, locī nātūrā continētur. Helvētiī undique flūminibus montibusque continentur. Helvētiī, hominēs maximae audāciae, sunt bellī cupidī, sed propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs bellum nōn facile īnferre possunt. Glōria bellī et fortitūdinis quondam fuit maxima sed mox minima erit. Helvētiī sine difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et lātiōrēs fīnēs petere possunt. Sīc fīnēs sibi magis idōneōs obtinēbunt."
"Rōmānī autem magnam partem Galliae iam superāvērunt. Prīncipātum tōtīus Galliae obtinēre volunt. Rōmānī fortasse ab itinere nōs prohibēre temptābunt. Multae nātiōnēs autem ab Helvētiīs vīctae sunt. Exercitus Rōmānus quidem ab eīs quondam victus est. Sine dubiō cōpiae Helvētiōrum eum iterum vincent."
[A] What Orgetorix actually says i.e. direct statement / direct speech
(1) “Cīvitās Helvētia, nostra patria, locī nātūrā continētur.
(2) Helvētiī undique flūminibus montibusque continentur.
(3) Helvētiī, hominēs maximae audāciae, sunt bellī cupidī, sed (4) propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs bellum nōn facile īnferre possunt.
(5) Glōria bellī et fortitūdinis quondam fuit maxima sed (6) mox minima erit.
(7) Helvētiī sine difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et lātiōrēs finēs petere possunt.
(8) Sīc fīnēs sibi magis idōneōs obtinēbunt.
(9) Rōmānī autem magnam partem Galliae iam superāvērunt.
(10) Prīncipātum tōtīus Galliae obtinēre volunt.
(11) Rōmānī fortasse ab itinere nōs prohibēre temptābunt.
(12) Multae nātiōnēs autem ab Helvetiīs victae sunt.
(13) Exercitus Rōmānus quidem ab eīs quondam victus est.
(14) Sine dubiō cōpiae Helvētiōrum eum iterum vincent.”
[1]
Which of the direct statements (1) – (14) above refers to:
_____ a great part of Gaul already conquered
_____ eager for war
_____ former glory in war
_____ glory will soon be very small
_____ hope for Helvetian victory
_____ inability to make war easily
_____ limited / contained by natural features
_____ many nations conquered
_____ obtaining leadership / supremacy of all Gaul
_____ obtaining more suitable territories
_____ possible attempts to prevent the journey
_____ Roman army once conquered
_____ seeking wider territory
_____ surrounded by rivers and mountains
Alius Helvētius, frāter Orgetorīgis, Rōmānīs amīcus, hanc ōrātiōnem audit et Caesarī dēfert:
[B] Orgetorīx dīcit cīvitātem Helvētiam locī nātūrā continērī. Dēmōnstrat Helvētiōs undique flūminibus et montibus continērī. Cōnfirmat Helvētiōs, hominēs maximae audāciae, bellī esse cupidōs sed propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs bellum nōn facile īnferre posse. Nōbilibus nostrīs nārrat eōrum glōriam bellī et fortitūdinis fuisse maximam sed mox futūram esse minimam. Putat Helvētiōs sine difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et fīnēs lātiōrēs petere posse; sīc sibi fīnēs magis idōneōs obtentūrōs esse. Dīcit Rōmānōs ipsōs magnam partem Galliae iam superāvisse et prīncipātum tōtīus Galliae obtinēre velle. Putat Rōmānōs fortasse eōs ab itinere prohibēre temptātūrōs esse. Scit autem multās nātiōnēs ab Helvētiīs vīctās esse et exercitum Rōmānum quidem ab eīs quondam vīctum esse. Spērat cōpiās Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum victūrās esse.
[B] What Orgetorix is reported as saying i.e. indirect statement / reported speech
Orgetorīx dīcit ¦ cīvitātem Helvētiam locī nātūrā continēri.
Dēmōnstrat ¦ Helvētiōs undique flūminibus et montibus continērī.
Cōnfirmat ¦ Helvētiōs, hominēs maximae audāciae, bellī esse cupidōs sed propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs bellum nōn facile īnferre posse.
Nōbilibus nostrīs nārrat ¦ eōrum glōriam bellī et fortitūdinis fuisse maximam sed mox futūram esse minimam.
Putat ¦ Helvētiōs sine difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et fīnēs lātiōrēs petere posse; sīc sibi fīnēs magis idōneōs obtentūrōs esse.
Dīcit ¦ Rōmānōs ipsōs magnam partem Galliae iam superāvisse et prīncipātum tōtius Galliae obtinēre velle.
Putat ¦ Rōmānōs fortasse eōs ab itinere prohibēre temptātūrōs esse.
Scit ¦ autem multās nātiōnēs ab Helvētiīs victās esse et exercitum Rōmānum quidem ab eīs quondam victum esse.
Spērat ¦ cōpiās Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum victūrās esse.
[B]
[1] Find the Latin:
[i] he asserts
[ii] he hopes
[iii] he knows
[iv] he says
[v] he shows
[vi] he tells / recounts
[vii] he thinks
[2] Put the following infinitives under the appropriate heading of:
(a) present active
(b) perfect active
(c) future active
(d) present passive
(e) perfect passive
continēri
esse
fuisse
futūram esse
obtentūrōs esse
posse
superāvisse
temptātūrōs esse
velle
victās esse
victum esse
victūrās esse
[3] Underline the subject accusative of the following indirect statements:
[i] Orgetorīx dīcit cīvitātem Helvētiam locī nātūrā continēri.
[ii] Dēmōnstrat Helvētiōs undique flūminibus et montibus continērī.
[iii] Nōbilibus nostrīs nārrat eōrum glōriam bellī et fortitūdinis fuisse maximam
[iv] Dīcit Rōmānōs ipsōs magnam partem Galliae iam superāvisse
[v] 2 subject accusatives: Scit autem multās nātiōnēs ab Helvētiīs victās esse et exercitum Rōmānum quidem ab eīs quondam victum esse.
[vi] Spērat cōpiās Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum victūrās esse.
____________________
[A]
[1]
a great part of Gaul already conquered (9)
eager for war (3)
former glory in war (5)
glory will soon be very small (6)
hope for Helvetian victory (14)
inability to make war easily (4)
limited by natural features (1)
many nations conquered (12)
obtaining leadership / supremacy of all Gaul (10)
obtaining more suitable territories (8)
possible attempts to prevent the journey (11)
Roman army once conquered (13)
seeking wider territory (7)
surrounded by rivers and mountains (2)
[B]
[1]
[i] he confirms: cōnfirmat
[ii] he hopes: spērat
[iii] he knows: scit
[iv] he says: dīcit
[v] he shows: dēmōnstrat
[vi] he tells / recounts: nārrat
[vii] he thinks: putat
[2]
[3]
[i] Orgetorīx dīcit cīvitātem Helvētiam locī nātūrā continēri.
[ii] Dēmōnstrat Helvētiōs undique flūminibus et montibus continērī.
[iii] Nōbilibus nostrīs nārrat eōrum glōriam bellī et fortitūdinis fuisse maximam
[iv] Dīcit Rōmānōs ipsōs magnam partem Galliae iam superāvisse
[v] Scit autem (1) multās nātiōnēs ab Helvētiīs victās esse et (2) exercitum Rōmānum quidem ab eīs quondam victum esse.
[vi] Spērat cōpiās Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum victūrās esse.
Translation of [B]
Orgetorix says that the Helvetian state is confined by natural features.
He shows that the Helvetians are surrounded on all sides by rivers and mountains.
He asserts that the Helvetians—people of the greatest boldness—are eager for war, but because of their narrow borders they are not able to wage war easily on their neighbours.
He tells our nobles that their glory of war and bravery had once been very great, but soon will be very small.
He thinks that the Helvetians can, without difficulty, depart from their own borders and seek wider territories; and thus they will obtain territories more suitable for themselves.
He says that the Romans themselves have already conquered a large part of Gaul and wish to obtain the leadership of all Gaul.
He thinks that the Romans will perhaps try to prevent them from their journey.
He knows, however, that many nations have been conquered by the Helvetians and that the Roman army indeed was once defeated by them.
He hopes that the forces of the Helvetians will defeat the Romans again.
