Ingēns ōlim aper ā monte Erymanthō in campōs dēscenderat. Hunc, cum agrōs ubīque vastāret, vīvum ad rēgem portāre iussus Herculēs per altam nivem diū petēbat: tum labōre fessum rēte impedīvit Mycēnāsque avexit. Aprum dum petit, Centaurō Pholō occurrit, cui Bacchus olim cadum optimī vīnī dederat. Hunc cadum Herculēs aperuit: tum reliquī Centaurī, vīnī odōre dulcissimō ductī, spēluncam in quā Pholus habitābat obsēdērunt: ab Herculē pulsī Chīrōnis domum fugā petīvērunt. Quōs ille cum fugāret, incautē amīcum suum Chīrōnem sagittā venenātā vulnerāvit: Pholus quoque sagittā, quae in pedem eius forte ceciderat, vulnerātus est. Chīrōn, cum immortālis esset, sagittā nōn necātus erat: ultrō tamen vītā excessit.
[1] The following statements are untrue; correct them:
[i] The boar had gone up to Mt. Erymanthus.
[ii] Hercules had been ordered to kill the boar.
[iii] There was heavy rain.
[iv] The boar was caught by a trap.
[2] Translate: Aprum dum petit, Centaurō Pholō occurrit, cui Bacchus olim cadum optimī vīnī dederat. Hunc cadum Herculēs aperuit: tum reliquī Centaurī, vīnī odōre dulcissimō ductī, spēluncam in quā Pholus habitābat obsēdērunt: ab Herculē pulsī Chīrōnis domum fugā petīvērunt. (10)
[3] Complete the Latin with the words listed below; note the differences in word order:
(1) While he was chasing (2) them, he accidentally wounded (3) his own friend Chiron with a (4) poisoned arrow. Pholus also was (5) wounded by an arrow (6) which had (7) by chance fallen on (8) his foot. Chiron, since he (9) was immortal, (10) was not killed by the arrow; (11) nevertheless, (12) of his own accord, he died [ = departed from life].
(2) __________ ille (1) __________ fugāret, incautē amīcum (3) __________ Chīrōnem sagittā (4) __________ vulnerāvit: Pholus quoque sagittā, (6) __________ in pedem (8) __________ (7) __________ ceciderat, (5) __________ est. Chīrōn, cum immortālis (9) __________, sagittā nōn necātus (10) __________: (12) __________ (11) __________ vītā excessit.
cum; eius; erat; esset; forte; quae; quōs; suum; tamen; ultrō; venenātā; vulnerātus
Vocabulary
aper, aprī [2/m]: boar
cādus, cādī [2/m]: cask
odor, odōris [3/m]: smell
rēte, rētis [3/n]: net
venēnātus, -a, -um: poisoned
Notes: subjunctive
(1) cum-clauses conveying the circumstances in which something happened, or the causes for it
https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20cum-clauses
(2) imperfect subjunctive
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2026/01/070426-level-3-subjunctive-13-tenses-3.html
cum agrōs ubīque vastāret, … ∣ since it was ravaging the fields everywhere, …
quōs ille cum fugāret, … ∣ while he was chasing them away, …
cum immortālis esset, … ∣ since he was immortal, …
____________________
[1]
[i] had come down from Mt. Erymanthus
[ii] bring the boar back alive
[iii] deep snow
[iv] caught in a net
[2] While he was pursuing the boar (1), he encountered the centaur Pholus (1), to whom Bacchus had once given (1) a jar (bottle, cask) of excellent wine (1). Hercules opened this jar (1); then the other centaurs / the rest of the centaurs (1), led by the very sweet smell of the wine (1), besieged the cave (1) in which Pholus lived. Driven off by Hercules (1), they fled and made for the home of Chiron (1).
[3]
(2) Quōs ille (1) cum fugāret, incautē amīcum (3) suum Chīrōnem sagittā (4) venenātā vulnerāvit: Pholus quoque sagittā, (6) quae in pedem (8) eius (7) forte ceciderat, (5) vulnerātus est. Chīrōn, cum immortālis (9) esset, sagittā nōn necātus (10) erat: (12) ultrō (11) tamen vītā excessit.
____________________
Once, a huge boar had come down from Mount Erymanthus into the plains. Since it was ravaging the fields everywhere, Hercules, having been ordered to bring it back alive to the king, pursued it for a long time through deep snow. Then, when it was exhausted from effort, he trapped it in a net and carried it off to Mycenae.
While he was pursuing the boar, he encountered the centaur Pholus, to whom Bacchus had once given a jar of excellent wine. Hercules opened this jar; then the other centaurs, led by the very sweet smell of the wine, surrounded the cave in which Pholus lived. Driven off by Hercules, they fled in panic to the home of Chiron.
While he was chasing them away, he accidentally wounded his own friend Chiron with a poisoned arrow. Pholus also was wounded by an arrow which had by chance fallen on his foot. Chiron, since he was immortal, was not killed by the arrow; nevertheless, of his own accord, he died.
