Vocabulary
[1]
commentāriī, -ōrum, [2/m/pl]: records, commentaries
institūtum, -ī [2/n]: practice, custom
operam dare: to pay attention; take pains
silentium, silentiī [2/n]: silence
[2] People and places:
Aquītānī, -ōrum [2/m]: the Aquitanians, inhabited that part of France now called Gascony, in the extreme southwestern corner
Belgae, -ārum [2/m/pl]: the Belgians, occupied a territory much larger than modern Belgium, extending roughly from the Seine to the Rhine and from the English Channel and the North Sea to Rheims and Trier
Gallicus, -a, -um: Gallic, of Gaul
Garumna, -ae [1/m]: the river Garonne
Matrona, -ae [1/f or m]: the river Marne
Sēquana, -ae [1/f or m]: the river Seine
[3]
dēpōnō, -ere, dēposuī, dēpositus: to put aside, lay down
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptus: to begin, undertake
intellegō, -ere, intellēxī, intellectus: to understand
iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussus: to order, bid
reddō, -ere, reddidī, redditus: to give again, give back, return
[4] īdem, eadem, idem: the same
- eadem agere: to do the same things
- īsdem verbīs reddere: to repeat [literally: to give back with the same words]
link:
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/04/100725-level-3-labours-of-hercules-vii.html
[5] Note: all of these will be discussed after the second section of this text has been completed)
eō, īre, iī/īvī, itūrus: to go
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus: to bear, bring, carry
afferrō, afferre, at¦tulī, al¦lātus: to bring to, convey
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātus: to carry away; (here): differ
- inter sē differre: to differ from one another
fiō, fierī, factus sum: to be made, be done, happen
Text and Questions (answers are in the next post)
[A] Lūcius et Aulus hodiē ad lūdum libenter eunt quod magister fābulam dē Caesare nārrābit. Paedagōgus libenter it, nam fābulae magistrī eum quoque dēlectant. Tēla quae frāter Mārcus ā Galliā attulit puerī ad lūdum ferunt; Lūcius scūtum Gallicum fert et Aulus galeam Gallicam fert. In lūdō discipulī sunt dīligentēs et omnia magnā cum celeritāte fīunt. Mox stilī tabellaeque dēpōnuntur et silentium fit. Tum magister incipit:
[i] How do Lucius and Aulus feel about going to school? Why? (3)
[ii] Who is going with them? (1)
[iii] True or False?
(a) Marcus is bringing weapons to the school.
(b) Marcus brought weapons from Gaul.
(c) Marcus brought weapons to Gaul.
(d) Marcus is the boys’ tutor.
(e) Lucius is bringing a shield.
(f) Aulus is bringing a sword.
[iv] “In lūdō discipulī sunt dīligentēs et omnia magnā cum celeritāte fīunt. Mox stilī tabellaeque dēpōnuntur et silentium fit.” How do we know that the pupils are very enthusiastic about what is going to happen? (4)
[B] Complete this section of the text with the verbs listed below. Use the English translation as a guide.
“Caesar went to many lands and waged many wars with the inhabitants of those lands. He brought many spoils from Gaul to Rome and he became [was made] commander on account of the great victories. Perhaps you also, my pupils, will become great leaders. Then you will go to the most distant lands and will wage war with the enemies. You will bring many spoils and famous hostages to Rome.”
“Ad multās terrās Caesar __________ et multōs annōs cum incolīs eārum terrārum bellum __________. Ā Galliā Rōmam multa spolia __________ et propter magnās victōriās imperātor __________. Fortasse vōs quoque, meī discipulī, __________ magnī ducēs. Tum ad terrās extrēmās __________ et cum hostibus bellum __________. Multa spolia et clārōs obsidēs Rōmam __________.”
factus est; ferētis; fiētis; gerētis; gessit; ībitis; iit; tulit
[C] Iam diū mōs est discipulōs multārum terrārum commentāriōs bellī Gallicī ā Caesare ipsō scrīptōs legere; semper eōs iuvat Caesaris verba legere. Iam difficile est eius sententiās intellegere; iam facile est. Hodiē est magnum gaudium in lūdō Americānō, nam magister fābulam ā Caesare scrīptam leget. Magister iubet discipulōs stilōs tabellāsque dēpōnere. “Erit necesse,” inquit magister, “operam dare, quod multae sententiae sunt difficiliōrēs. In lūdō Rōmānō magister fābulās nārrābit; tum discipulī eās verbīs īsdem reddēbant. Nōn necesse erit vōbīs eadem agere.” Deinde iubet omnēs maximā cum dīligentiā verba accipere et incipit:
[i] Transate: Iam diū mōs est discipulōs multārum terrārum commentāriōs bellī Gallicī ā Caesare ipsō scrīptōs legere; semper eōs iuvat Caesaris verba legere. (8)
[ii] Is it always difficult to read what Caesar writes? (2)
[iii] What is the mood in the American school? Why? (3)
[iv] What does the teacher tell the pupils to do? (2)
[v] What does the teacher say about the sentences? (1)
[vi] (a) What were Roman pupils expected to do when they heard stories, and (b) how is it different for the American pupils? (2)
[vii] How should the pupils listen to what is said? (1)
[D] “Gallia est omnis dīvīsa in partēs trēs; quārum ūnam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquītānī, tertiam Gallī. Hī omnēs linguā, īnstitūtīs, lēgibus inter sē differunt. Gallōs ab Aquītānīs Garumna flūmen dīvidit; eōs ā Belgīs flūmina Mātrona et Sēquana dīvidunt.”
[i] How is Gaul divided? (1)
[ii] Who are the Belgae, Aquitanī and Gallī? (1)
[iii] In what ways are they different from each other? (3)
[iv] What are the Garumna, Mātrona and Sēquana? (1)
[v] How do they affect the divisions of Gaul? (4)
[E] The text focuses on three irregular verbs: [i] eō, īre (go) [ii] ferō, ferre (bring), fiō, fīerī (become); find the Latin:
[i]
(he) willingly goes
(they) willingly go
Caesar went
you (pl.) will go
[ii]
(he) brought many spoils from Gaul ¦ to Rome
Aulus … brings a helmet
Lucius … brings a shield
The boys … bring
the weapons which … Marcus brought ¦ from Gaul
they differ from each other
you (pl.) will bring
[iii]
(he) became / was made commander
Everything happens [ = all things are done] with great speed
It becomes silent [ = silence is made]
you (pl.) will become great leaders
[F] In this exercise, find the Latin in the text. Although this is part of a much broader topic, also, for the moment, note how the phrases and how the infinitives are used.
- The teacher’s stories also delight him
- They always like [literally: it always pleases them …] to read Caesar’s words
- It will be necessary … to pay attention
- It will not be necessary for you ¦ to do the same things.
- It is difficult to understand
- For a long time it has been [ = it is] the custom for pupils … to read the commentaries …
- The teacher tells [orders / commands] the pupils ¦ to put down the pencils.
- He tells (them) all ¦ to listen to / “take in” the words
