[A] Pluperfect tense
Complete the
English translations with the phrases listed below:
[i] Aequitāte quam
sanguine, causā quam armīs retinēre parta maiōribus mālueram. (Livy) │ It
was by just dealing rather than by bloodshed, by having a good cause rather
than by arms, that __________ to retain what my ancestors had won.
[ii] Māluerat
illam Antiochīam appellārī (Pliny the Elder) │ __________ it to be called
Antioch
[iii] … quī fūgēre
captā urbe quam sē Rōmānīs trādere māluerant (Livy) │ … __________ to
flee after the capture of the city rather than to hand themselves over to the
Romans
[iv] "Volueram,"
inquit, "ut quam plurimum tecum essem” (Cicero) │ "__________,"
he says, "to be with you as much as possible”
[v] Optumē, istuc voluerāmus.
(Plautus) │ Very good, __________ that.
[vi] Nōn modo vōs
eritis in ōtiō quī semper esse voluerātis (Cicero) │
You not only will enjoy ease, you __________ for it
[vii] Sed rem
immātūram … aperīrī nōluerat (Livy) │ But __________
the matter to be divulged prematurely.
[viii] quī modo
nōluerās cōnsulis īre comes (Martial) │ ________
lately to be a comrade of a consul
[ix] … quī coniūrāre
et simul capere arma nōluerant (Livy) │ … those _________
to conspire and, at the same time, take up arms
he had not
wished; he had preferred; I had preferred; I had wanted [ = I should have
liked]; we had wanted; who had always wished; who had preferred; who had
refused; you who had refused
[B] Future
perfect tense
The future perfect
is used to convey an action that, in the speaker’s mind, will have been completed
at some point in the future. The future perfect tense of volō, nōlō
and mālō are a good example of where the literal translation e.g. “I
shall have wanted to reply” or “They will have refused to help” often sounds
clumsy and is expressed in a different tense.
Sī voluerō,
hoc faciam. │ If I want [literally: if I shall
have wanted], I will do this.
Hanc sī audīre volueris,
dicet tibi (Seneca the Younger) │ If you wish [literally: if you will
have wanted] to hear this (woman) / her, she will tell you
Complete the Latin
with the verbs listed below. Where necessary, both a literal and more fluent
translation are provided to emphasise the future perfect nature of the action.
[i] You (sg.)
will have wanted to do this. │ Tū hoc facere __________.
[ii] If I do
not want (to) [literally: if I shall not have wanted], I shall not
reply │ Sī __________, nōn respondēbō (Seneca the
Younger)
[iii] We will
have preferred to stay at home. │ __________ domī manēre.
[iv] I will give
my will to be read to whoever wants [ = will have wanted] (it). │
Dabō meum testāmentum legendum cui __________. (Cicero)
[v] They will have
preferred peace to war. │ Illī pācem __________ quam bellum.
[vi] They will
have been unwilling to take up arms, but it will be necessary. │
__________ arma capere, sed necesse erit.
[vii] If you go
[literally: will have gone] to the forum, you will have preferred
to give up rest │ Sī ad forum ieris, __________ quiētem relinquere.
[viii] The students
will have wanted to listen to the teacher. │
Discipulī magistrum audīre __________.
[ix] You will
not have wanted to help me. │ __________
me adiuvāre.
[x] But if I
should want [ = I shall have wanted] to do that, it will not be a
letter, but a book. │ Quod sī facere __________, nōn erit
epistula, sed līber. (Seneca the Younger)
māluerimus; māluerint;
mālueris; nōluerint; nōlueris; nōluerō; voluerint; volueris; voluerit; voluerō
____________________
[A]
[i]
It was by just dealing rather than by bloodshed, by having a good cause rather
than by arms, that I had preferred to retain what my ancestors had won.
[ii]
He had preferred it to be called Antioch.
[iii]
… who had preferred to flee after the capture of the city rather than to
hand themselves over to the Romans
[iv]
“I had wanted / I should have liked” he says, "to be with you as
much as possible”
[v] Very
good, we had wanted that.
[vi]
You not only will enjoy ease, you who had always wished for it
[vii]
But he had not wished the matter to be divulged prematurely.
[viii]
You who had refused lately to be a comrade of a consul
[ix]
those who had refused to conspire and, at the same time, take up arms
[B]
[i] Tū
hoc facere volueris.
[ii]
Sī nōluerō, nōn respondēbō (Seneca)
[iii]
Māluerimus domī manēre.
[iv]
Dabō meum testāmentum legendum cui voluerit.
[v] Illī
pācem māluerint quam bellum.
[vi]
Nōluerint arma capere, sed necesse erit.
[vii]
Sī ad forum ieris, mālueris quiētem relinquere.
[viii]
Discipulī magistrum audīre voluerint.
[ix]
Nōlueris me adiuvāre.
[x] Quod sī facere voluerō, nōn erit epistula, sed līber.