1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 20.B
[1] D) sordidissimus; superlative < sordidus, -a, -um i.e. dirtiest but can also translate as very dirty
[2] C) to his little brother Marcus; parvō frātrī Marcō [dative case; indirect object] …inquit│ he spoke to his little brother …
[3] D) while walking; ambulāns: present active participle used to indicate an action that is / was happening at the same time as the main action in the sentence
Ad thermās ambulāns, Iūlius mercātōrem … cōnspicit │ While (he is) walking to the baths, Iulius catches sight of the merchant …
[4] B) Is it permitted for me; licet: impersonal verb literally meaning ‘it is permitted’ + the dative mihi ‘for me’ > licetne mihi? │ Is it permitted for me = May I …
[5] A) than; quam: used to introduce the object of comparison
meliōrēs quam omnēs cēterae │ better than all the rest
[6] C) abīre: the only infinitive that can work in the context; necesse est: impersonal construction i.e. ‘it is necessary’ + the dative mihi ‘for me’ = I need to …
Iūlius togās tangit sed emere nōn vult; itaque exclāmat, “Necesse est mihi abīre.” │Iulius touches the togas but he doesn’t want to buy (them); therefore, he shouts out “It is necessary for me to go away / = I need to leave”
[7] A) intrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: enter > intrātūrus, -a, -um: about to enter
[i] the ending -ūrus, -ūra, -ūrum is very distinctive and indicates a future active participle; these participles describe what a person is about to do / going to do / intending to do; Wiktionary lists them with the translation ‘about to …’
[ii] The future active participle is formed from the 4th principal part of the verb:
intrō, intrāre, intrāvī, intrāt¦us > intrāt¦ūrus, -ūra, -ūrum
[iii] In the question the participle is functioning like an adjective:
… Gaīus Iūlium …. intrātūrum videt │ … Gaius sees Julius, [who is] about to enter …
[iv] In combination with esse the participle creates verbs. Here are a few examples:
[1] narrō, narrāre, narrāvī, narrātus
Tibi fābulam narrātūrus sum │ I’m going to tell you a story;
Dē quibus rēbus nārrātūrus est Lūcius? │ What things is Lucius going to tell (us) about?
[2] doceō, docēre, docuī, doctus
Nōn modo discipulōs … sed etiam discipulās … doctūrus sum. │ I’m about to teach not only schoolboys … but also schoolgirls.
[3] faciō, facere, fēcī, factus
Cūr fōrmōsissimum Iūppiter factūrus erat rēgem? │ Why was Jupiter going to / intending to make the king very handsome?
The English noun / adjective future is derived from the Latin future active participle of esse: futūrus, -a, -um │ about to be
[v] A very good example of the future active participle is in the diēs īrae (lines 3-6); I’ve deliberately translated the participles in three different ways but, regardless of the translation, the future active participle expresses intention, an action that will happen in the near future:
l1: Dies iræ, dies illa │ The day of wrath, that day
l2: Solvet sæclum in favilla │ will dissolve the world in ashes
l3: Teste David cum Sibylla │ with David as witness together with the Sibyl
l4: Quantus tremor est futūrus │ How great is the quaking going to be
l5: Quando iudex est ventūrus │ when the Judge is about to come,
l6: Cuncta stricte discussūrus │ (intending) to investigate all things strictly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKJur8wpfYM
Link: 25.09.25: Level 3; the grammar of things to come: diēs īrae (Requiem); the future active participle
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/06/250925-level-3-grammar-of-things-to.html
[8] C) for two hours; duās hōrās: accusative used to express duration of time i.e. for how long an action has / had been going on
[9] A) Marce: vocative case; Marcus is being addressed directly
[10] D) on account of thieves; propter: preposition with the accusative case ‘on account of’
[11] B) will play; sē exercēbunt: future tense of 2nd conjugation verb
[12] C) for us; “Quaere nōbīs [dative case] pilam!” │ Look for the ball for us; here the dative expresses the person for whom or for whose benefit something is done
[13] D) they have exercised; sē exercuērunt: perfect tense of 2nd conjugation verb
[14] D) in which; in quō: ablative singular of relative pronoun quī / quae / quod
[15] D) were being washed; lavābantur: imperfect passive
[16] A) Pete; pete: 2nd singular imperative / command form of the verb
** [17] A) Subitō Marcus … dīcit duōs fūrēs esse in apodytēriō. │ A) are
Literally: Suddenly Marcus … says two thieves to be in the changing room
> Suddenly Marcus … says that two thieves are in the changing room
See the next Level 3 topic: indirect statement
[18] C) having been disturbed; commōtī: perfect passive participle used like an adjective
Hīs verbīs ¦ commōtī, amīcī ... │The friends, [having been] / [who had been] disturbed by these words …
[19] A) have been stolen; surrepta sunt: perfect passive
[20] B) rather violently; vehementius: comparative adverb < vehementer i.e. more violently but can also translate as rather violently
