Level 4 (review); eō, īre – and its compounds [4] compound verbs; exercises (2)

[i] The term exeunt is sometimes used in the stage directions of plays. What does it mean? 

[ii] Explain the meanings of the following English words and their Latin roots:

[a] transitory

[b] obituary

[c] preterite

[iii] In the comedy movie “Life of Brian”, the titular character is writing anti-Roman graffiti on a wall. He wants to say “Romans, go home!” What should he write?

Rōman_____, _____ domum!

If he were only addressing one Roman, what would he write?

Rōman_____, _____ domum!

[iv] All of the following are 4^th declension masculine nouns formed from compounds of eō, īre. What do they mean?

[a] abitus, -ūs

[b] aditus, -ūs

[c] exitus, -ūs

[d] initus, -ūs

[e] trānsitus, -ūs

____________________

[i] Stage instruction that the characters leave the stage; they go out; the singular form (exit) is also used in stage directions with reference to one character

[ii]

[a] transitory: lasting only a short time; temporary < trānseō, -īre: to pass through
[b] obituary: a notice of a person’s death / biography of a person who has recently died < obeō, -īre: (here) die
[c] preterite: used as a grammatical term to refer to a past tense < praetereō, -īre: go past

[iii]

Rōmānī, īte domum!

Rōmāne, ī domum!

[iv]

[a] departure; going away
[b] approach; access; entrance
[c] departure; exit
[d] entrance; beginning
[e] crossing; passage

Level 4 (review); eō, īre – and its compounds [3] compound verbs; exercises (1)

[1] Label the images:

praeterīre; circumīre; redīre; exīre; abīre; trānsīre; inīre; perīre; adīre

[2] Translate:

[i] he goes around

[ii] I cross

[iii] she goes past

[iv] they perish

[v] they return

[vi] we go out

[vii] you (pl.) go in

[viii] you (sg.) approach

[ix] you (sg.) go away

[3] Translate:

[i] abierimus

[ii] abiī

[iii] adieritis

[iv] adīstī

[v] circumiit

[vi] exītis

[vii] iniimus

[viii] perierint

[ix] periērunt

[x] praeterieram

[xi] redierās

[xii] trānsierat

____________________

[i]

[2]

[i] circumit

[ii] trānseō

[iii] praeterit

[iv] pereunt

[v] redeunt

[vi] exīmus

[vii] inītis

[viii] adīs

[ix] abīs

[3]

[i] abierimus: we will have gone away

[ii] abiī: I went away

[iii] adieritis: you (plural) will have approached

[iv] adīstī: you approached

[v] circumiit: (s)he / it went around

[vi] exītis: you (plural) went out

[vii] iniimus: we went in

[viii] perierint: they will have perished

[ix] periērunt: they perished

[x] praeterieram: I had gone past

[xi] redierās: you had returned

[xii] trānsierat: (s)he / it had crossed

topic; transport; Neo-Latin; Traupman [2] listening part [A]; transcript and translation; vocabulary

 statiō ferriviāria | the train station

[A]

Diāna
Salvē! Velim comparāre tesseram itinerāriam prīmae classis. | Hello! I’d like to buy a first-class ticket.

Tesserārius | ticket agent / seller
Quō, quaesō? | Where to, please?

Diāna
In Californiam. | To California.

Tesserārius
Vīsne tesseram unīus cursūs an tesseram itūs reditūsque? | Do you want a one-way ticket or a round-trip ticket?

Diāna
Tesseram itūs reditūsque. Quotā hōrā trāmen meum abscēdit? | A round-trip ticket. At what time does the train depart?

Tesserārius
Hōrā ūndecimā. | At eleven o’clock.

Diāna
Ā quotā crepīdine trāmen abscēdit? | From which platform does the train depart?

Tesserārius
Ā crepīdine quārtā, in orbitā decimā. | From platform 4, on track 10.

Diāna
Estne trāmen dīrēctum? | Is it a through train?

Tesserārius
Minimē. Mūtābis trāmina in statiōne Chicāgiēnsī. | No. You will change trains at the Chicago station.

____________________

[1] tessera, -ae [1/f]: (NL) ticket;  (CL) [i] square, cube; [ii] die (also six-sided and numbered for a dice game); [iii] ticket, voucher

Apart from the noun being used in playing games / gambling, two terms, both attested in CL, refer to the noun specifically as either a ticket or some form of voucher:

• tessera frūmentāria / nummāria: “a voucher or ticket given upon certain occasions by the magistrates to the poor, in exchange for which they received the quantities of bread, corn, wine, and oil, or sums of money inscribed upon it” (Thurston Peck)
• tessera theātrālis: “A ticket of admission to the theatre, or other place of public amusement …  entitling the holder to a place at the representation. On it were inscribed the number of the seat, the division and row in which it was situated, and in some cases the title of the play performed.” (Thurston Peck)

[2] tessera itinerāria < itinerārius, -a, -um: relating to a journey; the adjective makes it clear that a travel ticket is being referred to

• itinerārium, -ī [2/n]: journey (rare: far more common is iter, itineris [3/n])

[3] tessera unīus cursūs: (NL) one way ticket;  (CL) cursus, -ūs [4/m]: [i] running; [ii] (here) way; journey; voyage

[4] tessera itūs reditūsque: (NL) return ticket, but reflects how some other languages express a similar idea e.g. Fr. aller-retour; Gmn. hin und zurück; Russ. tuda i obratno (туда и обратно), all of which convey going there and coming back

• itus, -ūs [4/m]: going; departure
• reditus, -ūs [4/m]: return

[5] tessera prīmae / secundae classis: (NL) first / second class ticket; (CL) classis, -is [3/f]: [i] group, rank, class; [ii] fleet (of ships)

[6] tesserārius, -ī [2/m]: (NL) ticket seller; (CL) [i] dice-player; [ii] the person who receives the “watchword” from the commander

• tessera mīlitāris: A note / written order, with the ‘password’ which was often inscribed on a wooden tablet and given out by the officers to their soldiers, in order to distinguish friends from foes. It was also used to issue the the commander’s orders to different divisions of an army.

[7] statiō, -ōnis [3/f] ferriviāria [or: statiō ferrātae viae]: (NL) railway station

The adjective ferriviārius, -a, -um is a Neo-Latin coinage from ferrum, -ī [2/n]: iron + via, -ae [1/f]: way; road, specifically referring to railways. The word is aligned with certain other European languages that combine the terms ‘iron’ + ‘way’ e.g. Fr. chemin de fer; Gmn; Eisenbahn; Russ. zheleznaya doroga (железная дорога), all three italicised words meaning ‘iron’ and all three expressions literally meaning iron way or track. See also: via ferrāta (below).

• tessera ferriviāria: (NL) railway ticket

[8] trāmen, trāminis [3/n]: (NL) train < trahō, -ere [drag] + -men, the suffix used to describe the means by which the action is performed; Engl. and Fr. train < Fr. traîner [drag]

trāmen directum: (NL) a direct train

trāmen ferriviārium: (NL) railway train

• also: hamaxostichus, -ī [2/m]: (NL) train; < Anc. Gk. ἅμαξα [hámaxa, “wagon”] + στίχος [stíkhos, “a row or file (of soldiers)” or “a line (of poetry)”]

Three nice examples of hamaxostichus in texts using Neo-Latin:

(1) hamaxostichus, benzīnī exceptōria vehēns, exorbitāvit, quod via ferrāta, magnīs pluviīs mollīta, cōnsēderat | a train carrying tankers of gasoline derailed because the iron track, softened by heavy rains, had subsided.

(2) nōnne hamaxostichus Birminghamiēnsis advēnit? | Surely the Birmingham train has arrived?

(3) dum loquitur ululātū māchinae vectōriae iuxtā crepīdinem īnstrūctae sublātō hamaxostichus movēbātur | As she spoke, an engine standing at a platform gave a loud wail, and the train began to move.

• via ferrāta: literally, a road covered with iron = railway

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/railroad_railway/

• exorbitō, -āre [1/f]: go off track; deviate
• māchina, -ae [1/f] vectōria: (NL) locomotive; (train) engine
• vectōrius, -a, -um: related to transport / carrying; tessera vectōria: an alternative Neo-Latin term for any form of travel ticket

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/locomotive/

[9] orbita, -ae [1/f]: (CL) a track or rut made in the ground by a wheel; (NL) railway track

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/platform_track_in_train_station/

[10] crepīdō, -inis [3/f]: (NL) platform (in a train station); (CL) [i] raised causeway, sidewalk; [ii] edge, embankment

Grammar Note

Quotā hōrā … / Ā quotā crepīdine …  trāmen meum abscedit? | At what time / from which platform does my train leave?

quot? (indeclinable): how many?; the question invites a cardinal number and expects a plural answer:

Quot librōs habēs?  | How many books do you have?

quotus, -a, -um? is used when a number as part of a sequence is expected as the answer; English has no specific equivalent. The closest English can come is in constructions such as: “What place did you come in the race?”

The question quotā hōrā? is referring to the Roman system of telling the time where the answers were given as ordinal numbers:

Hōrā ūndecimā. | At eleven o’clock [literally: at the eleventh hour]

Similarly, both questions below expect an answer in the form of an ordinal number:

Quotus imperātor Nerō fuit? | Which emperor was Nero? [i.e. was he the first, second etc?]

Quīntus. | the fifth

Ā quotā crepīdine …? | From which platform [i.e. from the first, second etc?] 

Ā crepīdine quartā | from platform four [literally: from the fourth platform]

topic; transport; Neo-Latin; Traupman [1] listening

Listen to the recording (referring to the transcript if you need to) and answer the questions after each section:

statiō ferriviāria | the train station

[A]

Diāna
Salvē! Velim comparāre tesseram itinerāriam prīmae classis

Tesserārius
Quō, quaesō?

Diāna
In Californiam. | To California.

Tesserārius
Vīsne tesseram unīus cursūs an tesseram itūs reditūsque?

Diāna
Tesseram itūs reditūsque. Quotā hōrā trāmen meum abscēdit?

Tesserārius
Hōrā ūndecimā.

Diāna
Ā quotā crepīdine trāmen abscēdit?

Tesserārius
Ā crepīdine quārtā, in orbitā decimā.

Diāna
Estne trāmen dīrēctum?

Tesserārius
Minimē. Mūtābis trāmina in statiōne Chicāgiēnsī.

[A] Tick the answers:

[1] The traveller wants:

a first class ticket _______

a second class ticket _______

a single ticket _______

a return ticket _______

[2] The train leaves at:

10.00 _______

10.10 _______

11.00 _______

11.10 _______

[3] The train leaves from:

platform 10 _______

track four _______

platform 4 _______

track ten _______

[4] The train is:

direct _______

not direct _______

[B]

bulga, -ae [1/f]: (NL) handbag; (CL) wallet, satchel, purse

pēra, -ae [1/f]: bag; satchel (slung over the shoulder)

riscus, -ī [2/m]: (NL) suitcase; (CL) trunk

sarcīnae, -ārum [1/f/pl]: luggage

[B]

Tesserārius

Quās sarcīnās tēcum habēs?

Diāna
Ūnum riscum, ūnam bulgam, ūnam pēram.

Tesserārius
Cūrātiō sarcīnārum est illīc, iuxtā oecum praestōlātōrium.

Diāna
Suntne bāiulī in promptū?

Tesserārius
Ita. Illī illīc stant prope scālas mōbilēs.

[B] Tick the answers:

[1] The ticket seller asks:

if the traveller has any luggage _______

how many pieces of luggage she has _______

what luggage she has _______

where her luggage is _______

[2] The traveller has:

a suitcase, a briefcase, a purse _______

a rucksack, two handbags _______

a suitcase, a handbag, a shoulder bag _______

[3] The baggage check-in is:

next to the waiting room _______

opposite the waiting room _______

in front of the waiting room _______

behind the waiting room _______

[4] The porters are:

sitting by the escalator _______

standing near the escalator _______

[C]

Diāna
Suntne currus cēnātōrius et currus dormītōrius in hōc trāmine?

Tesserārius
Certē..

Diāna
Quam mox mihi licet trāmen ferriviārium īnscendere?

Tesserārius
Vīgintī aut summum trīgintā minūtīs. En, cape hōrārium trāminum.

Diāna
Grātiās. Quantī cōnstat tessera itinerāria?

Tesserārius
Centum octōgintā quīnque dollarīs.

Diāna
Ecce vectūram.

Tesserārius
Grātiās. Bene ambulā!

[C] Tick the answers:

[1] The traveller asks about:

a dining car _______

a luggage compartment _______

a sleeping car _______

a smoking compartment _______

[2] When is the latest she can board the train?

quarter of an hour  _______

2o minutes _______

half an hour _______

35 minutes _______

[3] The ticket seller:

shows the traveller the departure time _______

tells the traveller to look at the timetable _______

gives the traveller a train schedule _______

[4] How much is the ticket?

$18.50 _______

$108.50 _______

$180.50 _______

$185 _______

[5] The ticket seller tells the traveller:

to go for a walk _______

to say thanks _______

to have a good trip _______

to walk to the train _______

____________________

[A]

[1] first class ticket; return ticket

[2] 11.00

[3] track four; platform 10

[4] not direct

[B]

[1] what luggage she has

[2] a suitcase, a handbag, a shoulder bag

[3] next to the waiting room

[4] standing near the escalator

[C]

[1] a dining car; a sleeping car

[2] half an hour

[3] gives the traveller a train schedule

[4] $185

[5] to have a good trip

Level 3+ (review); a Second Latin Reader (Vincent) [26] Preparations against the Veneti

Itaque Caesar, qui cognōvit omnēs ferē Gallōs novīs rēbus studēre et ad bellum celeriter excitārī, nē plūrēs cīvitātēs coniūrātiōnem facerent, exercitum latius distribuere constituit.

T. Labienum in Trēverōs cum equitātū mittit; huic imperat ut Rēmōs reliquōsque Belgās adeat et in officiō contineat atque Germānōs per vim nāvibus flūmen trānsgredī prohibeat.

P. Crassum cum duodecim cohortibus in Aquitāniam proficīscī iubet, nē ex hīs gentibus auxilia in Galliam mittantur. D. Brūtum classī Gallicīsque nāvibus praeficī et quam celerrimē in Venetōs proficīscī iubet.

Note: D. Brūtum [accusative] classī [dative] Gallicīsque nāvibus [dative] praeficī …iubet

praeficiō, -ere [3-iō]: to put (somebody) in command of / in charge of (something)

The person who is put in command is in the accusative case, and what the person is in charge of is in the dative case.

[1] Translate and explain the use of the infinitives in bold:

(a) Itaque Caesar, qui cognōvit omnēs ferē Gallōs novīs rēbus studēre et ad bellum celeriter excitārī, …

(b) huic imperat ut … Germānōs … nāvibus flūmen trānsgredī prohibeat.

(c) P. Crassum … in Aquitāniam proficīscī iubet

(d) D. Brūtum classī Gallicīsque nāvibus praeficī … iubet

[2] Translate and explain the uses of the subjunctive in bold:

(a) nē plūrēs cīvitātēs coniūrātiōnem facerent …

(b) nē … auxilia in Galliam mittantur

(c) huic imperat ut Rēmōs reliquōsque Belgās adeat

____________________

[1]

(a) Caesar, therefore, who learned that almost all the Gauls were eager for revolution and were quickly roused to war

studēre: present active infinitive; excitārī: present passive infinitive

Both used in an indirect statement introduced by cognōvit.

(b) He orders him to prevent the Germans from crossing the river in ships.

trānsgredī: deponent infinitive; active in meaning

(c) He orders Publius Crassus to set out for Aquitania.

proficīscī: deponent infinitive; active in meaning

(d) He orders Decimus Brutus to be placed in command of the fleet and the Gallic ships.

praeficī: passive infinitive

[2] subjunctive usage

(a) so that more states might not / would not form a conspiracy; negative purpose clause introduced by nē

(b) so that reinforcements may not be sent into Gaul; negative purpose clause introduced by nē

(c) he orders him to approach the Remi and the other Belgians; indirect command introduced by ut

Therefore Caesar, who learned that almost all the Gauls were eager for revolution and were quickly being roused to war, decided to distribute his army more widely, so that more states might not form a conspiracy.

He sends Titus Labienus to the Treveri with cavalry; he orders him to approach the Remi and the other Belgians and keep them loyal, and to prevent the Germans from crossing the river by force in ships.

He orders Publius Crassus to set out for Aquitania with twelve cohorts, so that reinforcements might not be sent from these peoples into Gaul. He orders Decimus Brutus to be placed in command of the fleet and the Gallic ships and to set out against the Veneti as quickly as possible.

Level 4 (review); eō, īre – and its compounds [2] indicative active; exercise

[a] Tick the tense of each verb.

[b] Translate:

[i] (s)he / it had gone

[ii] (s)he / it has gone

[iii] (s)he / it is going

[iv] (s)he / it will have gone

[v] I had gone

[vi] I shall have gone

[vii] they are going

[viii] they went

[ix] they were going

[x] we are going

[xi] we had gone

[xii] we were going

[xiii] you (pl.) were going

[xiv] you (sg.) went

[xv] you (sg.) will have gone

____________________

[a]

[b]

[i] (s)he / it had gone: ierat

[ii] (s)he / it has gone: iit

[iii] (s)he / it is going: it

[iv] (s)he / it will have gone: ierit

[v] I had gone: ieram

[vi] I shall have gone: ierō

[vii] they are going: eunt

[viii] they went: iērunt

[ix] they were going: ībant

[x] we are going: īmus

[xi] we had gone: ierāmus

[xii] we were going: ībāmus

[xiii] you (pl.) were going: ībātis

[xiv] you (sg.) went: īstī

[xv] you (sg.) will have gone: ieris

Level 4 (review); eō, īre – and its compounds [1] indicative active

The irregularity of the verb is in its stems which are most often a single vowel. Once you are familiar with the stems, the conjugation of the verb is straightforward.

Note: Active forms of the verb are very common and part of the core vocabulary of Latin. Passive forms of the verb are rare and very restricted in their usage. Therefore, all passive forms will be discussed separately.

[i] Present tense

eō [stem: e-  + personal ending: ō]

is [stem: i-  + personal ending: s]

it [stem: i-  + personal ending: t]

īmus [stem: ī-  + personal ending: mus]

ītis [stem: ī-  + personal ending: tis]

eunt [stem: eu-  + personal ending: nt]

[ii] Imperfect and future tenses

single stem vowel: ī- + 1^st / 2^nd imperfect tense and future tense endings:

• imperfect: ībam, ībās etc.
• future: ībō, ībis etc.

[iii] Perfect tense stems

[a] single vowel: i- + perfect tense endings

However, note the spelling changes marked with an asterisk:

(1) iī [perfect stem i- + perfect tense ending -ī]

* (2) īstī [perfect stem i- + perfect tense ending -istī, but the two vowels merge > īstī]

Note: iistī is sometimes attested, especially in the work of Plautus:

• Strēnuē mehercle iistī.
• Bis periistī?
• Iamne abiistī? 

(3) iit [perfect stem i- + perfect tense ending -it]

(4) iimus [perfect stem i- + perfect tense ending -imus]

* (5) īstis [perfect stem i- + perfect tense ending -istis, but the two vowels merge > īstis]

Note: iistis is sometimes attested, especially in the work of Plautus: 

• Iam vōs rediistis in concordiam?
• Ā mē magnam iniistis grātiam.

(6) iērunt [perfect stem i- + perfect tense ending -ērunt]

[b] perfect stem: īv- + the perfect tense endings

These forms do not occur as often with the verb eō, īre; in Classical literature, some do not exist at all, but are used in later Latin. However, they are used as perfect tense endings for 4^th conjugation verbs throughout the Classical period.

īvī | audīvī

īvistī | audīvīstī

īvit | audīvit

īvimus | audīvimus

īvistis | audīvistis

īvērunt | audīvērunt

[iv] Pluperfect and future perfect tenses

[a] perfect stem: i- + pluperfect / future perfect endings

[b] perfect stem: īv- + pluperfect / future perfect endings

pluperfect: ieram, ierās etc. | īveram, īverās etc.

future perfect: ierō, ieris etc. | īverō, īveris etc.