Level 3: indirect statement; the accusative-infinitive [21]; future passive infinitive

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/06/190925-level-3-supine-1.html (note [2][ii]; the supine + īrī)

The supine + īrī creates a future passive infinitive i.e. referring to something that is “going to be done”.

verberātum īrī │ to be going / to be about to be beaten

mūtātum īrī │ to be going / to be about to be changed

This construction is rare in CL literature, and, with the distinctive īrī, is easily recognisable. It does not agree with the subject i.e. you will only see this form in indirect statements:

Putō pontem dēlētum īrī ā Caesare. │ I think that the bridge is going to be / will be destroyed by Caesar

Caesar dīcit librōs missum īrī. │ Caesar says that the books are going to / about to / will be sent.

Dīxit urbem captum īrī. │ He said that the city was going to / about to / would be captured.

Examples from the post referred to above:

Negant urbem facile captum īrī. │ They say that the city will not easily be captured. [= they deny that the city will easily be captured.]

Inter omnēs cōnstat urbem nunquam traditum īrī. │ All agree that the city will never be surrendered.

Nōn crēdō pecūniam solūtum īrī. │ I do not believe that the money will be paid.

Level 3: the Pater Noster of Juvencus [2]; notes on Latin poetry [1] metre

Some basics of Latin poetry were first discussed here:

04.09.25: The best place to start Latin poetry is … in a cave! [2]; some basics concerning Classical Latin poetry

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/774016828542921/

[i] In print, you will either come across completely unscanned versions of verse or, as I have written below, edited texts with naturally long vowels marked (see the next post: identifying long and short syllables)

Sīdereō genitor residēns in vertice caelī

Nōminis ōrāmus venerātiō sānctificētur

In nōbīs Pater alte tuī: tranquillaque mundō

Adveniat rēgnumque tuum lūx alma reclaudat

In caelō ut terrīs fīat tua clāra voluntās

Vītālisque hodiē sānctī substantia pānis

Prōveniat nōbīs; tua mox largītiō solvat

Innumera indulgēns errōris dēbita prāvī

Et nōs haut aliter concēdere foenora nostrīs

Tētrī saeva procul temptātiō daemonis absit

Aequē malīs tua nōs in lūcem dextera tollat

[ii] A fully scanned version would have this or a similar format:

l.1: Sī-dĕ-rĕ- ¦ ō gĕ-nĭ- ¦ tōr rĕ-sĭ- ¦ dēns īn ¦ vēr-tĭ-cĕ ¦ cāe-lī

l.2: Nō-mĭ-nĭs ¦ ōr-ā- ¦ mūs vĕ-nĕ- ¦ rā- tⁱō ¦ sānc- tĭ- fĭ- ¦ cē-tŭr

l.3: Īn nō- ¦ bīs pă- tĕr ¦ āl-tĕ tŭ- ¦ ī: trān- ¦ qu-īl-lă-quĕ ¦ mūn-dō

l.4: Ād-vĕ-nĭ- ¦ āt rēg- ¦ nūm-quĕ tŭ- ¦ ūm lūx ¦ āl-mă rĕ- ¦ clāu-dăt

l.5: Īn cāe- ¦ l(o) ͜ ūt tēr- ¦ rīs fī- ¦ āt tŭ-ă ¦ clāră vŏ- ¦ lūn-tās

l.6: Vī-tā- ¦ līs-qu(e) ͜ (h)ŏ-dĭ- ¦ ē sānc- ¦ tī sūb- ¦ stān-tĭ-ă ¦ pā-nĭs

l.7: Prō-vĕ-nĭ- ¦ āt nō- ¦ bīs; tŭ-ă ¦ mōx lār- ¦ gī-tⁱō ¦ sōl-văt

l.8: Īn-nŭ-mĕ- ¦ r(a) ͜ īn-dūl- ¦ gēns ēr- ¦ rō-rīs ¦ dē-bĭ-tă ¦ prāvī

l.9: Ēt nōs ¦ hāut ă-lĭ-¦ tēr cōn- ¦ cē-dĕ-rĕ ¦ fōe-nŏ-ră ¦ nōs-trīs

l.10: Tē-trī ¦ sāe-vă prŏ- ¦ cūl tēmp- ¦ tā-tⁱō ¦ dāe-mŏ-nĭs ¦ āb-sĭt

l.11: Āe-quĕ mă- ¦ līs tŭ-ă ¦ nōs īn ¦ lū-cēm ¦ dēx-tĕ-ră ¦ tōl-lăt

As an example. The links below are to a poem V by Catullus:

[i] The first link takes you to a completely unscanned version

http://rudy.negenborn.net/catullus/text2/l5.htm

[ii] The second takes you to a scanned version

http://rudy.negenborn.net/catullus/text2/sc5.htm

[1] Metre

References are made here to long and short syllables; that is discussed in the next post

Vincent describes the verse as dactylic hexameter:

(1) a dactyl is a long syllable followed by two short syllables: — UU

Line 1: SĪ-DĔ-RĔ- ¦ ō gĕ-nĭ- ¦ tōr rĕ-sĭ- ¦ dēns īn ¦ vēr-tĭ-cĕ ¦ cāe-lī

(2) Two short syllables can equal one long syllable i.e. — UU = — — ; a combination of two long syllables is known as a spondee

Sī-dĕ-rĕ- ¦ ō gĕ-nĭ- ¦ tōr rĕ-sĭ- ¦ (2) DĒNS ĪN ¦ vēr-tĭ-cĕ ¦ cāe-lī

Combinations, six feet of six dactyls or spondees, is known as hexameter.

[1] Sī-dĕ-rĕ- ¦ [2] ō gĕ-nĭ- ¦ [3] tōr rĕ-sĭ- ¦ [4] dēns īn ¦ [5] vēr-tĭ-cĕ ¦ [6] cāe-lī

(3) The last syllable of a line can be long or short; this is usually indicated by X i.e. — X; a syllable of this type is called an anceps

[i] In the first line, the final syllable is long:

Sī-dĕ-rĕ- ¦ ō gĕ-nĭ- ¦ tōr rĕ-sĭ- ¦ dēns īn ¦ vēr-tĭ-cĕ ¦ cāe-LĪ

[ii] In Line 2 the final syllable is short:

Nō-mĭ-nĭs ¦ ōr-ā- ¦ mūs vĕ-nĕ- ¦ rā- tⁱō ¦ sānc- tĭ- fĭ- ¦ cē-TŬR

When a poem is scanned, sometimes no mark is given above an anceps because it makes no difference.

[iii] Note that /i/ when it is with another vowel e.g. -iō- or -ia- can, depending on the rhythm, be [a] similar to English /y/ and not scanned separately,  or [b] a separate vowel sound

[a]

[l.2] vĕ-nĕ- ¦ rā- tⁱō [imagine ve-ne-¦ ra-tyo (or -tjo- as written in some scans)]

[l.7] lār- ¦ gī-tⁱō

[l.10] tēmp- ¦ tā-tⁱō

[b]

[l.4] the /i/ is scanned as an independent vowel: Ād-vĕ-nĭ- ¦ āt i.e. it is pronounced distinctly seperately from the following /a/

[l.6] sūb- ¦ stān-tĭ-ă

[l.7] Prō-vĕ-nĭ- ¦ āt

Level 3: Reading (review); [29] The theft of Sabinian women

Rēmus necātus erat, Rōmulus nōnnūllus annōs rēgnāverat et rēx bonus fuerat, Rōma ipsa crēverat. Iam aedificia varia et templa aedificāta, iam viae strātae erant. Rōmānī autem, quamquam ipsī vītam bonam vīvēbant, contentī nōn erant, quod fēminās nōn habēbant. Iam nōnnūllī clam Rōmulum ipsum adierant eumque rogāverant: “Fēminās nōn habēmus; unde nōbīs parābimus?” Rōmulus autem “Id mihi”, inquit, “ignōtum nōn est!”, et cūrās eōrum dolēbat. Ac profectō ipse brevī eīs fēminās parāvit dolō.

Mox Rōmānī Sabīnōs, quī fīnitimī eōrum erant, ad lūdōs invītāvērunt. Sabīnī libenter ad eōs lūdōs adiērunt fēmināsque et fīliās, quārum multās habēbant, sēcum Rōmam trānsportāvērunt. Iam Sabīnī, quī necopīnī et sine armīs ad lūdōs ierant, iīs gaudēbant, cum Rōmānī, quibus Rōmulus id imperāverat, fīliās pulchrās captāvērunt et in casās suās portāvērunt. Sabīnī, quibus arma nōn erant, neque fīliās adiuvābant neque facta impia vindicābant, sed Rōmulum, cuius dolō fraudātī erant, verbīs dūrīs accūsāvērunt. Posteā autem magnīs cum cōpiīs Rōmam rediērunt fīliāsque, quae captātae erant, repetīvērunt. At fēminae ipsae eōs arcēbant et clāmāvērunt: “Abstinēte ā virīs nostrīs, quōs nunc amāmus!” Ex eō annō diuturna inter Rōmānōs et Sabīnōs amīcitia fuit.

abstineō, -ēre, -uī, abstentus [2]: stay away

arceō, -ēre, -uī, arcitus [2]: keep away; prevent

diuturnus, -a, -um: long-lasting

fraudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: cheat; defraud; swindle

necopīnus, a, -um: unsuspecting

Find the Latin:

[i] (they invited) the Sabines, who were their neighbours,

[ii] and the daughters who had been captured 

[iii] by whose trickery [lit: by the trickery of whom] (they had been defrauded) 

[iv] our husbands who(m) we now love

[v] the Romans to whom Romulus had given this command 

[vi] the Sabines who did not have weapons [lit: … to whom there were not weapons] 

[vii] The Sabines who, unsuspecting and without weapons,  

[viii] the women and daughters of whom they had many 

____________________

[i] Sabīnōs, quī fīnitimī eōrum erant,

[ii] fīliāsque, quae captātae erant

[iii] cuius dolō fraudātī erant

[iv] virīs nostrīs, quōs nunc amāmus

[v] Rōmānī, quibus Rōmulus id imperāverat

[vi] Sabīnī, quibus arma nōn erant

[vii] Sabīnī, quī necopīnī et sine armīs

[viii] fēmināsque et fīliās, quārum multās habēbant

Remus had been killed, Romulus had ruled for several years and had been a good king, and Rome itself had grown. By now various buildings and temples had been built, and the roads had already been paved. But the Romans, although they themselves were living a good life, were not content, because they did not have women. Already some had secretly approached Romulus himself and had asked him: ‘We have no women; from where shall we obtain them?’ But Romulus said, ‘That is not unknown to me,’ and he felt their concerns. And indeed, before long he himself provided women for them by trickery.

Soon the Romans invited the Sabines, who were their neighbours, to the games. The Sabines gladly went to those games and brought with them to Rome the women and daughters of whom they had many. Now the Sabines, who had gone to the games unsuspecting / without suspicion and without weapons, were enjoying them, when the Romans, to whom Romulus had given this command, seized the beautiful daughters and carried them off to their huts. The Sabines, who had no weapons, neither helped their daughters nor punished the wicked deeds, but they accused Romulus, by whose trickery they had been deceived, with harsh words. Afterwards, however, they returned to Rome with great forces and demanded back their daughters who had been taken. But the women themselves kept them away and cried: ‘Stay away from our husbands, whom we now love!’ From that year on there was long-lasting friendship between the Romans and the Sabines.

Comenius CVI; the Celestial Sphere [6]; text and vocabulary [5](ii)

Take a second look at images #2 and #3 from the previous post

If you are looking at any original Mediaeval or, here, Renaissance documents, you will see abbreviations, letter forms and spellings that are not in Classical Latin. There are many of these and a number of them were discussed in posts concerning both the Domesday Book and the Bayeux Tapestry:

[i]

ORIĒS / OCCIDĒS = oriens / occidens

COELV͞ = coelum (caelum)

It can be simply a line or what looks like a Spanish tilde (˜) or, for want of a better term, a ‘squiggle’ above a vowel. In original documents it is not a macron i.e. an indicator of vowel length, but usually indicates the omission of /n/ or /m/ i.e. nasalised sounds. However, it isn’t confined to that usage. Depending on the writer it can indicate the absence of a group of letters, in the same way that we would use a ‘full stop’ e.g. info. for information.

28.11.25: the Domesday Book; reading the manuscript [iii] types of abbreviation [ii]

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/08/281125-domesday-book-reading-manuscript.html

This example from the Bayeux Tapestry shows the use of the abbreviation to omit groups of letters

HIC PORTATVR CORPVS EADWARDI REGIS AD ECCLESIAM SC͞T PETRI AP͞LI

Hīc portātur corpus Eadwardi regis ad ecclesiam Sancti Petri Apostoli

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/07/130725-bayeux-tapestry-2.html

[ii] Various symbols were used to indicate the absence of a letter or small group; becoming familiar with these is a whole field of study in itself

What looks like a small number 9:

POLVS ARCTIC⁹ = arcticus

POLVS ANTAR(c)TIC⁹ = antar(c)ticus

28.11.25: the Domesday Book; reading the manuscript [v] types of abbreviation [iv]; mind your p’s and q’s

Note (5)

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/08/281125-domesday-book-reading-manuscript_35.html

[iii] long /s/ i.e. ſ

[iv] abbreviation for ‘and’, similar to 7; it is called an ampersand, and an equivalent can be found which is still used today i.e. &

eclipſis ſolis 7 lune = eclipsis solis et lunae [note also: spelling shift /ae/ > /e/]

For both [iii] and [iv] above:

01.12.25: the Domesday Book; reading the manuscript [vi] types of abbreviation [v]; the long s

Long s: note (1); Ampersand: note (4)

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/09/011225-domesday-book-reading-manuscript.html

Comenius CVI; the Celestial Sphere [6]; text and vocabulary [5](i)

[7] Under this move the seven wandring-stars which they call planets, whose way is a circle in the middle of the Zodiack, called the ecliptick │ Sub hōc cursitant stēllæ errantēs VII quās vocant planētās, quōrum via est circulus, in mediō zōdiacī, dictus eclīptica.

cursitō, -āre [1] literally: run all around / here and there;  this verb has a suffix: –(i)tō; this suffix denotes a frequentative action i.e. one that is performed more than once:

• dictitō, -āre [1]: repeat, maintain i.e. keep saying something
• clāmitō, -āre [1]: yell i.e. not a single shout but a prolonged action
• vēnditō, -āre [1]: offer something, again and again, for sale

eclīptica, -ae [1/f]: ecliptic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic

eclīptica, -ae

By Tfr000 (talk) 16:54, 15 March 2012 (UTC) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18710950

stēlla, -ae [1/f] errāns: wandering star i.e. planet

planēta, -ae [1/f]: planet

The ancient Romans recognized seven "planets", the term referring to any celestial body that moved against the background of fixed stars hence the term stēllae errantēs (wandering stars) as opposed to stēllae fīxae / inerrantēs (fixed stars). Therefore, they also included the Sun and the Moon as planets:

Sōl, -is [3/m]

Mercurius, -ī [2/m]

Venus, Veneris [3/f]

Lūna, -ae [1/f]

Mārs, Mārtis [3/m]

Sāturnus, -ī [2/m]

Iuppiter, Iovis [3/m]

Geocentric World  (1517)

Level 3: indirect statement; the accusative-infinitive [20]; future active infinitive: practice (2)

Exercise [3]: Complete the English translation with the appropriate pronouns and phrases listed below. Note: each pronoun translation is only used once.

Cornēlius nūntiāvit [i] sē rēgibus [ii] ignōtūrum esse. │ Cornelius announced that [i] he (referring to himself) [ii] would forgive the kings.

Flāvia nūntiat [i] eum [ii] valitūrum esse. │ Flavia announces that [i] he (referring to somebody else) [ii] will thrive.

Spērābam [i] tē nautae fābulam [ii] nārrātūram esse. │ I was hoping that [i] you (sg.) [ii] would tell a story to the sailor.

Nūntiāvimus eam ad magnum templum ventūram esse. │ We announced that [i] she (referring to somebody else) [ii] would come to the big temple.

Dea nūntiābat [i] sē [ii] subrīsūram esse. │ The goddess was announcing that [i] she (referring to herself) [ii] would smile.

Spērāvistis [i] eōs in illam vīllam iter [ii] factūrōs esse. │ You hoped that [i] they (referring to other people) [ii] would make a journey into that country house.

Illī putant [i] vōs eīs [ii] crēditūrās esse. │ They think that [i] you (pl.) [ii] will trust them.

Rēgīnae nūntiābant [i] nōs in silvam [ii] festīnātūrās esse. │ The queens were announcing that [i] we [ii] would hurry into the forest.

Amīcus dīcēbat [i] mē cibōs āthlētae [ii] datūram esse. │ A friend was saying that [i] I [ii] would give the foods to the athlete.

Puellae dīxērunt [i] sē eās [ii] petītūrās esse. │ The girls said that [i] they (referring to themselves) [ii] would seek them.

[i]

he (referring to himself); he (referring to somebody else); I; she (referring to herself); she (referring to somebody else); they (referring to other people); they (referring to themselves); we; you (pl.); you (sg.)

[ii]

would tell; would smile; would seek; would make; would hurry; would give; would forgive; would come; will trust; will thrive

[i] Cornelius announced that [i] he (referring to himself) [ii] would forgive the kings.

[ii] Flavia announces that [i] he (referring to somebody else) [ii] will thrive.

[iii] I was hoping that [i] you (sg.) [ii] would tell a story to the sailor.

[iv] We announced that [i] she (referring to somebody else) [ii] would come to the big temple.

[v] The goddess was announcing that [i] she (referring to herself) [ii] would smile.

[vi] You hoped that [i] they (referring to other people) [ii] would make a journey into that country house.

[vii] They think that [i] you (pl.) [ii] will trust them.

[viii] The queens were announcing that [i] we [ii] would hurry into the forest.

[ix] A friend was saying that [i] I [ii] would give the foods to the athlete.

[x] The girls said that [i] they (referring to themselves) [ii] would seek them.

Exercise [4]: Choose the correct translation [a] [b] or [c]

Note:

(1) Identify the tense of the verb which introduces the indirect statement e.g. he says / he said, because that will determine whether English translates the indirect statement as will or would

(2) Where pronouns are involved as the subject of the indirect statement, they will come first and, to double check, look at the ending of the future active infinitive. From the first question:

Horātia putāvit …

Is it: Horatia thinks … will … or Horatia thought … would …?

… tē puellam iūturum esse.

Who is doing the helping? Is it you [tē] or the girl [puellam]? Does iūturum agree with puellam?

[i] Horātia putāvit ¦ tē puellam iūtūrum esse.

(a) Horatia thinks that you will help the girl.

(b) Horatia thought that you would help the girl.

(c) Horatia thinks that the girl will help you.

[ii] Gladiātōrēs putābant Marium dictūrum esse

(a) The gladiators thought that Marius would speak.

(b) The gladiators thought that Marius was speaking.

(c) The gladiators thought that Marius had spoken.

[iii] Ille spērāvit tē nūntiōs impedītūram esse.

(a) He hopes that you (pl.) will hinder the messengers.

(b) He hoped that you (pl.) would hinder the messengers.

(c) He hoped that you (sg.) would hinder the messengers.

[iv] Poēta dīcit sē mē ad Graeciam revocātūrum esse.

(a) The poet says that he will call me back to Greece.

(b) The poet said that he would call me back to Greece.

(c) The poet said that I will call him back to Greece.

[v]  Illī crēdunt eās in curiam ambulātūrās esse.

(a) They believed that they would walk into the senate house.

(b) They believe that these men will walk into the senate house.

(c) They believe that these women will walk into the senate house.

[vi] Patrēs dīcēbant sē nōs dēfēnsūrōs esse.

(a) The fathers were saying that they would defend us.

(b) The fathers were saying that we would defend them.

(c) The fathers are saying that they will defend us.

[vii] Crēdimus Vergilium eī cūram ostentūrum esse.

(a) We believe that he will show concern to Vergil.

(b) We believe that Vergil will show concern to him.

(c) We believed that Vergil showed concern to her.

[viii] Discipula nūntiāvit sē tē dēspectūram esse.

(a) The student announced that she would despise you.

(b) The student announced that you would despise her.

(c) The student announced that she was despised by you.

[i] (b)

[ii] (a)

[iii] (c)

[iv] (a)

[v] (c)

[vi] (a)

[vii] (b)

[viii] (a)

Level 3: the Pater Noster of Juvencus [1] text and translation

Vincent recites the Pater Noster of Juvencus (c. 330 AD)

[l.1] Sīdereō genitor residēns in vertice caelī │ Creator / Father sitting in the starry summit of heaven

• genitor, -tōris [3/m]: father; parent (m); creator
• sīdereus, -a, -um: starry; filled with stars < sīdus, -eris [3/n]: star
• vertex, verticis [3/m]: highest point; summit

[l.2] Nōminis ōrāmus venerātiō sānctificētur │ May the reverence of (your) name, we pray, be sanctified

A prayer by its nature is often expressing what someone wants to happen e.g. in English “May he rest in peace”. In Latin this is conveyed by the subjunctive, and the verse contains many examples of it: sānctificētur: May (the reverence of your name) be sanctified.

[l.3] In nōbīs ¦ Pater alte ¦  tuī: tranquillaque mundō │ Father on High, (bring) peaceful things of yours / your peace in us and in the world

pater alte: vocative case < altus, -a, -um: high

[l.4] Adveniat rēgnumque tuum lūx alma reclaudat │ May your kingdom come and the nourishing light disclose.

• almus, -a, -um: nourishing; kind
• reclaudō, -ere [3] = reclūdō, -ere [3]: reveal; disclose

Adveniat rēgnum … tuum: May your kingdom come; subjunctive

lūx alma reclaudat: may the nourishing light disclose

[l.5] In caelō ut terrīs fīat clāra voluntās │ In heaven as on earth (the lands) may your will be made / become clear

• voluntās, -tātis [3/f]: will; desire; free will; Eng. deriv. (via French) volunteer < La: voluntārius, -a, -um: willing

fīat clāra voluntās: May (your) will become clear; subjunctive

[l.6] Vītālisque hodiē sānctī substantia pānis │ And today the vital substance of the holy bread

• substantia, -ae [1/f]: material; contents; (here) substance

Note the word order:

(1) Vītālisque hodiē (2) sānctī (1) substantia (2) pānis

(1) (and) the vital substance (2) of the holy bread

Because of the case endings, Latin words – especially in verse – are often not written together; in poetry this is known as hyperbaton; a writer may do this to conform to the rhythm and / or to create a particular effect e.g. to emphasise certain words or ideas or, in this line (I suspect), to produce alliteration (the repetition of the same initial sound, usually a consonant) i.e. sānctī substantia (pānis)

[l.7] Prōveniat nōbīs; tua mox largītiō solvat │ May it come (forth) to us; may your generosity soon bestow it

• solvō, -ere [3]: (various meanings) loosen; release; pay; grant

[l.8] Innumera indulgēns errōris dēbita prāvī │ Indulging (i.e. being lenient towards / pardoning / forgiving) the countless debts of wicked error

• prāvus, -a, -um: wicked; crooked; depraved; improper etc.

Again, note the word order as an example of hyperbaton (see the note to l.6)

(1) Innumera ¦ indulgēns ¦  (2) errōris (1) dēbita prāvī

indulging ¦ the (1) countless debts (2) of wicked error

And again, you see the word order manipulated to create alliteration: Innumera ¦ indulgēns; the repetition of vowel and consonants extends throughout the line:

Innumera ¦ indulgēns ¦  (2) errōris (1) dēbita prāvī

For reference, there are three terms used to describe this poetic device:

1. Alliteration: repetition of initial sounds, usually consonants: silent seas swell slowly
2. Assonace: repetition of vowel sounds inside words: rise high in the bright sky
3. Consonance: repetition of consonants (not always initial): stroke of luck

However, they rarely appear in such strict divisions, but, like line 8 above, as a combination of devices. One example alone from our era shows how effective such poetic devices can be, an example of sheer genius:  excerpt from the “Witch’s Rap” in the Sondheim musical Into the Woods. The Baker’s father steals from the Witch’s garden; note how she growls, hisses, fumes and spits her words!

Greens greens and nothing but greens! / Parsley, peppers, cabbages, and celery, / Asparagus and  watercress / And fiddleferns and lettuce. / He said "Alright!" / But it wasn't quite. / Cause I caught him / In the autumn / In my garden one night!

You’re not often going to come across such relentless intensity, but it’s useful to know the terms when instances of such poetic devices occur.

[l.9] Et nōs haut aliter concēdere foenora nostrīs │ no differently than we grant debts to our own (people) [i.e. we do not treat others using different terms]; Compare ll8-9 with the standard version of the prayer (Church of Scotland): Forgive us our debts / as we forgive our debtors

The same lines from the Book of Cerne (9^th century): Forgive countless debts of our wicked errors, / no different than we pardon our debtors.

• aliter: otherwise; differently
• concēdō, -ere [3]: (here) allow; grant
• foenus = faenus, -oris [3/n]: (literally) interest on a loan
• haut = haud: not

[l.10] Tētrī saeva procul temptātiō daemonis absit │ May the savage temptation of the foul demon be far away

• tēter = taeter, -tra, -trum: foul; offensive; hideous

(1) Tētrī (2) saeva [procul] (2) temptātiō (1) daemonis

(2) the savage temptation (1) of the foul demon

[l.11] Aequē malīs tua nōs in lūcem dextera tollat │ Equally may your right hand raise us / lift us up from evils into the light

• dextera, -ae [1/f]: right hand
• tollō, -ere [3]: (here) raise; lift up

tua nōs in lūcem dextera: your right hand …